Pollution and treatment efficiency of surface (rain) wastewater, forming in the production territory of meat processing company LTD ‘Krekenavos mėsa’ (centre of Lithuania in Kėdainiai district), were investigated in the period 2004-2009. On the surface of the company territory the precipitation water turns to surface wastewater, which is collected and sent down to treatment equipment. Wastewater samples were taken before and after biological treatment. The samples were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Water Research institute of Lithuania University of Agriculture certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania The following indices have been determined: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7) – by titrometric method, suspended solids (SS) – by gravimetric method, having filtered the substance through a mid-thickness filter. Concentrations of oil pollutants were determined with the help of a spectrophotometric device of infrared rays IKAN-1 in the Analytical Department of Agrochemical Study Center of Lithuanian Agricultural Institute. During six years of investigation average wastewater pollution with suspended materials was 35.0 mg LE-1, which by 14% exceeded the BAC. Suspended solids determined BOD7 concentrations in surface wastewater by 46%. The best treatment effect was received in the purification of oil products - 96%, suspended solids - 60%, organic pollutants - 59%. The wastewater discharged from the company production territory to natural environment was clean as concentrations of the investigated oil hydrocarbons, biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids in the surface wastewater were 26, 4 and 2 times respectively lower than biggest available concentration.

The objective of the present studies is to estimate a distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in filter media of horizontal filters. The studies were carried out in 2009 within two wastewater treatment facilities of horizontal flow in Lithuania. From both treatment facilities sand samples of different depth and separate profiles in the direction of water flow were taken. These samples were used to determine sandmoisture and concentration of N-NO3, N-NH4 and total P. The measurements of sand moisture showed that the filtration of wastewater through the sand is in process only in the lower layer of sand filter and near the distribution pipe. Moisture regime in the sand influences the composition of nitrogenous compounds in it. In the part of the filter, where sand's moisture is lowest, nitrate concentration is highest. Ammonia concentrations are completely opposite. In the lower part of the filter anaerobic conditions are dominant and nitrification processes stop. Analysis of phosphorus concentrations in filter's sand showed similar tendencies as nitrogen analysis. In the upper part of the sand phosphorus concentration turns out to be 2-3 times lower than in the lower part of the sand. In the filters of horizontal flow, part of the sand contributes little or does not contribute to the wastewater treatment process at all; therefore, it is advisable to use wastewater recirculation for the improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. For that purpose in the part of the filter not included in the treatment process the filter of vertical flow could be arranged.

A current investigation compared various intensive crop rotations (Norfolk, row crops, cereals, short term grass) grown on Cambisols. The study results showed significant effects of N-fertilization of the agroecosystem on mineral N concentration in drainage water and its leaching process. The highest N concentration in drainage water and leaching was determined in the conditions of cereals and row crops rotations. No major impact of the crop rotation on phosphates concentration in drainage water was determined. The average leaching of one by drainage did not exceed 100-140 g haE-1 within a 7 year study period. An experiment was arranged during 1997-2003 years in the Kėdainiai district, Lipliunai willage. A rational and well-considered fertilization ensures high crop productivity and profitable farming as well as steady, which is the main condition for reduced non-point source pollution of water.

The environment relating to the history of civilization is the notion, which more and more is used when thinking about the changes occurring in Latvian culture. In this research are considered all Latvian palace and manor parks and classified as an integral part of the heritage. The research was done from the year of 2009 to 2010. Fundamental principles the quality of today’s parks were taken, first of all, evaluating the cartographical and historical materials and available literature sources, secondly, chosen, mostly historically rich and varied parks, evaluating basing on landscape evaluation criteria, and, thirdly, summarizing the qualified parks, for working out qualitative and sustainable park development models in the future researches. Working out the evaluation system and principles of historic parks, it is possible not only to reanimate the historical landscape, but also get back the total landscape atmosphere, in spite of the loss of the main ensembles or their partly ruination. The park qualification, structure investigation, landscape inventory and analysis, as well as European experience in historic landscape maintaining and development, according to a similar landscape structure, which nowadays successfully functions as a heritage, is the base for an optimal and sustainable culture landscape development. The worked out order helps in understanding and analyzing the meaning of the historic park and its successful development tendency, in which are marked out the most important heritage objects in the particular landscape and they are reverted in a vital pulse and social processes.

The research deals with public art, and its related discourses. The particular focus of the paper is on investigating how public art can be a resistant or controversial part of the urban space. The first part of the paper describes the historic development of public art through time. Subsequently, the discussion goes on to the main aspects which dominate art in the public, urban space. We focus on the site-specificity realm, sculpture and installation, the role of public art in urban regeneration as well as influences in society. Today, it is argued that public art shifts its focus from object to process, from artist to audience, and that the artwork becomes part of city development policies, approaches to people’s everyday life. Currently the quest of contemporary public art becomes one of the main subjects to explore and find definitions for. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive, based in a historical point of view. The aim of this research is to find out the main development lines of public art, trying to answer questions such as: how is public art expressed in the urban space realm? What is its potential?

The interaction between short fibres and concrete in the post-cracking phase influences crack spacing and width in the composite. In order to perform analysis of deformation of a composite and the fibre displacement at the crack, single fibre was examined. A two-fibre model considering the distribution of fibre length and incomplete bonding was developed. Numerical analysis reveals that two-fibre model analysis is believed to be more accurate than that obtained from the single-fibre analysis. Comparing the solution of the single-fibre and two-fibre system shows that the latter gives a greater fibre displacement at the crack. The study was performed in the Department of Structural Engineering, year 2009/2010.

This paper focuses on evaluation of web browsing layout engines used as a backbone in web browsing software. Study of commonly used web browsers and Web information system developing languages has been performed. The role of web browsing layout engine evaluation in web information system development process is identified as a critical matter for bringing business processes online in a form of usable and accessible information system. By analyzing web browsing layout engines as a tool that renders elements on a particular Web page of web information system, key tendencies and emphasis for web information system developers are revealed and discussed.

One of key elements when implementing e-learning system is integration in already existing system. System implementation begins with a planning process and ends with installation and maintenance. First of all, it is necessary to determine project team and set responsibilities, collect all information about current situation and possible changes. Latvia University of Agriculture has just started to plan implementation of Moodle system, as its e-learning environment. This article attempts to provide answers on some implementation questions during the system development lifecycle process.

The aim of studies was to identify how different morphological and biological characteristics influence spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) competitiveness against weeds in various organic and conventional farming locations. Do those traits have an influence on the yield and in which growing conditions the selection of genotypes for organic farming should be done? The plant traits related to competitiveness against weeds at the beginning of the vegetation period are important in breeding for organic agriculture. Ten different varieties were included in trials for three years in two organic and two conventional environments. The included varieties were divided in four groups with respect to time of release and adaptation to growing environments: old extensive varieties and landraces for low input agriculture, medium old varieties with good adaptation to unfavourable conditions, modern varieties for low input, and modern varieties for high input conditions. Results showed that such traits as productive tillering ability, development speed and plant height at the beginning of stem elongation stage provide good soil shading. The most of traits were negatively related to the grain yield. Selection of genotypes for traits which influence spring barley competitiveness against weeds, such as a growth habit in the tillering stage, development speed in tillering stage, plant height at the beginning of stem elongation, length of flag leaf and the width of flag leaf, and the plant height before harvest, may take place in conventional conditions as well as in organic conditions.

The yield and quality (volume weight, 1000 kernel weight, protein content, falling number, gluten content, gluten index, gluten content in dry matter) of winter wheat was studied in variety 'Portal'. The wheat was part of the five-year crop rotation experiment where red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were following each other. There were two production variants which followed the crop rotation. In one variant mineral fertilizers and pesticides were used, and the other variant was conversion to organic without any synthetic agrochemicals. In mineral fertilizing variant, on the background of P25 and K95 kg haE-1 the N amount varied from 0 to 150 kg haE-1 and herbicide Mustang (preparation norm 0.5 L haE-1, active substance florasulam, 6.25 g LE-1; 2.4-D, 300 g LE-1), insecticide Fastac 50 (preparation norm 0.2 L haE-1, active substance 50 g LE-1 alphacypermethrin) fungicide Falcon EC 460 (preparation norm 0.4 L haE-1, active substances 167 g tebuconazole, 250 g spiroxamine, 43 g triadimenol) and growth regulator Moddus (preparation norm 0.4 L haE-1, active substance 250 g LE-1 trinexapac-ethyl) were used. In conversion to organic the winter wheat grains which followed the red clovers after effect had higher volume weight, 1000 kernel weight and gluten index compared to the variants where mineral fertilizers were used. The yield, protein content, falling number and gluten content in dry matter increased with increase of the amount of mineral N. The wet gluten content was significantly higher compared to the other variants where the N amount was 50 kg haE-1.