Consumption of fermented products rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic compounds is growing into a key strategy to fortify antioxidant defense system. Cabbage products produced by lactic-acid fermentation are chosen via their special microbiota. Considering these special medical properties of fermented-cabbage products as pickled cabbage, sauerkraut and kimchi were produced and evaluated. The data demonstrated that pickled cabbage (109.89±4.74 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) and its brine (208.14±17.29 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) exhibited the highest vitamin C content, followed by kimchi (77.42±2.87 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.). The highest total phenolic content was detected in kimchi and sauerkraut with 869.64±70.16 and 438.257±25.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (f.w.), respectively. 50% of the scavenging effect (EC50) values of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) in kimchi 14.6 mg/ml, followed by sauerkraut (15.52 mg/ml) and pickled cabbage (18.88 mg/ml). Results demonstrated that fermented cabbage products have a great potential with content of bioactive compounds, high antioxidant features promising high beneficial impacts.

The work perfomed to characterize the elemental composition and functional groups of humic acids extracted from four lombricompost cow dung, filter press cake of sugar cane, coffee pulp and grass residue the total content of essential elements and its distribution in the humic and no humic fractions were determined. It was evalued the effect of two concentrations of humic acids (150 and 300 ppm) upon seed germination of maize, cotton and tomat. There were found differences in the elemental composition (CHON) and functional groups (COOH, OH phedic and carbony) of the humic acids atributed to variations in composition of the original substrates. The lombricompost of cow dung showed higher oxidation values (O/H = 0.49) than the lombricompost of filter press cake of sugar cane (0.40) sugering a higher grade of humification of the first. The grass residue showed higher contribution to the CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O me/g) than the coffe pulp (7. 1 me/g) the total essential elements were concentrated in the remanent residue, with lower content in the water and 0.1M HCL solutions; the fulvic and humic fractions had very low content of these elements. The humic acid at the concentrations tested did not have any effect on the germination of maize and cotton, and depressed the germination of tomato seeds. | El trabajo se realizó con el fin de caracterizar por su composición elemental y contenido de grupos funcionales, los acidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos (bovinaza, cachaza, pulpa de café y residuo de prado). Se determinó el contenido y distribución de los elementos esenciales totales en las fracciones húmicas y no de acidos húmicas. Se evaluó el efecto de dos concentraciones de acidos húmicos (150 y 300 ppm) sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz, algodón y tomate. Se encontraron diferencias en el contenido elemental (CHON) y grupos funcionales (COOH, OH fenólico y carbonilo) atribuido a variaciones en la composición de los materiales de origen. La bovinaza (O/H = 0.49) mostró mayor oxidación que la cachaza (0.40) sugiriendo mayor grado de humificación de la primera. El residuo de prado mostró la mayor contribución a la CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O m.e/g) y la pulpa de café la menor (7.1 m.e/g). Los elementos esenciales totales se distribuyeron con preferencia en el residuo remanente y en las fracciones solubles en agua y HCL 0.1M, con muy bajos contenidos en los fulvatos yacidos húmicos. No se encontró respuesta a la acción de los acidos húmicos sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz y algodón y se produjo efectos depresivos en los de tomate.

Ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts from plants namely Urtica dioica L., Mentha piperita, Thyme serpyllum and Chenopodium album L. were evaluated for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial efficiencies. The antioxidant activities were screened utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, CUPRAC activity and total antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial activity of the tested extracts was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. U. dioica and C. album extracts showed varying activities against the test bacteria. The hexane extracts of T. serpyllum and C. album showed the weakest copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity of the solvents are increased in the following order: Ethanol>Chloroform>Hexane. Our results revealed that all of the tested plants might be an alternative to synthetic antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

With the aim to find new sources of resistance to rice hoja blanca (white leaf) disease, transmitted by the insect Tagosodes orizicolus, 660 genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Seven resistant genotypes were identified, and genomic studies were performed to demonstrate that the resistance in these sources is genetically different from that of Fedearroz 2000, which is currently the variety with the most resistance to hoja blanca. These new resistance sources constitute a resource that can be used to sustainably extend hoja blanca disease management throughout all of the rice-growing regions of tropical America. This is the first report of hoja blanca resistance in indica rice and different from that of Fedearroz 2000. | Con el objetivo de encontrar nuevas fuentes de resistencia a la enfermedad de la hoja blanca del arroz, transmitida por el insecto Tagosodes orizicolus, se evaluaron 660 genotipos en condiciones de invernadero y campo. Se identificaron siete genotipos con resistencia a la enfermedad y se realizaron estudios del genoma para evidenciar que eran genéticamente diferentes a Fedearroz 2000, la variedad de mejor comportamiento ante el virus, en el momento. Estas nuevas fuentes de resistencia constituyen un recurso que puede utilizarse para extender un manejo sostenible de la enfermedad, en todas las regiones productoras de arroz en América tropical. Este es el primer reporte de fuentes de resistencia, tipo indica, diferentes a Fedearroz 2000.

Main aim of this study was to determine the effects of different salt contents (75 mM, 150 mM and 225 mM NaCl), heavy metal (0.2 mg/L FeCl3, NiCl2, ZnCl2), lime (2 mg/L CaCO3), drought (50%) and pollution (0.2 mg/L dust of factories) on photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Siyez wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). All experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions with 16 hour-day and 8 hour-night photoperiod in an incubator at 23 ± 1°C. Results showed that mean chlorophyll-a concentration was highest in the siyez seedlings treated with the pollution, while both mean chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll concentrations were highest with 75 mM salt application. Mean total carotenoid was, however, highest with the drought treatment and mean relative water content was highest with NiCl2 application. Mean MDA and H2O2 contents were found to be highest in the siyez seedlings treated with 225 mM salt, whereas they were lowest with NiCl2 treatment. Mean proline content was highest with the NiCl2 treatment compared to the lowest concentration in the control siyez seedlings (82 µmol/g). Mean APX, CAT and GPOX activities were noted to be highest in the siyez seedlings treated with NiCl2. In general, the siyez seedlings showed high tolerance to the pollution, NiCl2 and drought with having highest photosynthetic pigments, proline, protein content and enzymes activities. Among all treatments, 225 mM NaCl and CaCO3 negatively influenced chemical compounds of the siyez seedling. When all data are taken into consideration, it can be said that higher photosynthetic pigments, proline contents, antioxidant enzymes activities and lower MDA and H2O2 levels play an important role in the resistance of siyez seedlings against abiotic stress conditions.

Thermal solar panel installation has been growing in Poland in response to the EU policies and available subsidies. This paper investigates the attitudes of residents of four counties in Mazowieckie Voividship in Poland about the origin of solar panels. Results show that rural residents did not attach importance to awarding preferences to domestic solar panel producers or to foreign producers in exchange of trade benefits. The recycling of used solar panels concerned a relatively small portion of respondents and seems to justify the passage of regulations obligating the solar panel industry to recycle the used panels.

The present study was conducted to investigate the vegetative propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata under ex vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the net house to select the best leaf segment among apical, middle and bottom portions of leaves and also to evaluate their performance in different potting media. Leaf segments were taken from apical, middle and bottom portions and planted in soil: compost at 1:0, soil: compost at 1:1 and soil: compost at 1:2 ratios. After 90 days, number of shoots per cutting (>1cm), number of shoot buds (

The gooseberry is one of the exotic fruit species most important in Colombia. Calcium has been shown to be important for quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, as it prevents a number of physiological disorders reinforce the cell walls and stabilize cellular membranes. With the aim to increase the fruit calcium concentration, a completely randomized design with four treatments was performed: a control and three applications of CaCl2 (0.5%, 1% and 2%), with four replicates, for a total of 16 experimental units (EU). The fruit was collected at maturity stage 6 according to the standard Icontec NTC 4580, completely healthy and homogeneous. The fruit was subsequently stored at 21 ± 1 ° C (RH 45%). The application of calcium in the gooseberry fruits decreased mass loss, firmness and ATT. Calcium treated fruit showed an increase in SST. In contrast, the treatments did not affect color. The doses of CaCl2 tested delayed ripening and prevented fruit deterioration.

In this study, variation of some chemical components such as anthocyanin, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolic, nitrate, soluble protein, proline, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrate level ad PAL activity in some wild and cultivated edible mushrooms was examined. For this, four different mushroom species (Agaricus campestris L., Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Lactarius piperatus L. Pers) were supplied from local market, named Kuzeykent Semt Bazaar, in Kastamonu province of Turkey. Mushroom samples were collected from Araç, Daday, Devrekani and Tosya locations of Kastamonu. According to findings, the highest anthocyanin value and PAL activity were obtained from A. campestris collected from Arac location with 0.107 mg g-1 and 6.99 EU, respectively. The amount of β-carotene (2.297 mg g-1) and lycopene (0.644 mg g-1) was the highest in C. cibarius collected from Tosya location, however; proline, soluble protein, nitrate and glucose level were the maximum in A. campestris collected from Devrekani location with 149.61 µmol g-1, 55.49 mg, 159.963 mg g-1 and 29.36 µg g-1, respectively. While total carbohydrate was the highest in H. erinaceus collected from Araç location with 80.97 µg g-1, sucrose concentration was the maximum with 39.22 mg g-1 in H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. As a result, A. campestris collected from Devrekani location exhibited the highest nutrient in terms of chemicals analysed except anthocyanin and it was followed by H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. However, C. cibarius and H. erinaceus collected from Araç location had lower chemical components. It can be said that these mushroom species are valuable and important as major food sources and non-wood products for Kastamonu province.

En el Campo Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira (CEUNP) se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada, aplicando dos fuentes (gallinaza y urea) en dos niveles (50 y 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno) y dos frecuencias de corte (dos y cuatro meses). En el lote experimental se situaron 15 parcelas, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó el programa estadístico SAS. El máximo rendimiento de biomasa y aceites esenciales se obtuvo con la aplicación de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno en forma de urea y la frecuencia de corte cada dos meses. Los niveles de extracción de Lippia alba en nitrógeno variaron entre 79.7 y 128.5; fósforo entre 24.5 y 30.5; potasio entre 114.6 y 138.8 y calcio entre 100 y 150 kg/ha. El aceite esencial estuvo compuesto mayoritariamente por carvona y limoneno. Palabras claves: Fertilización nitrogenada, Lippia alba, Rendimientos biomasa, aceites esenciales, pronto alivio. ABSTRACT Nitrogenous fertilization effects in the Lippia alba production and quality. In the Experimental Center of the National University of Colombia-Palmira (CEUNP) a experiment was realized to evaluate the effect of the nitrogenous fertilization, using two sources (gallinaza and urea) at two levels (50 and 100 kg/ha of nitrogen) and two cutting frequencies (each two and four months). In the experimental area 15 plots were planted, in a randomized Complete Blocks design random (RCBD) with five treatments and three repetitions to measure the following variables: production of fresh matter, content of dry matter, nutrients extraction and content of essential oils. The analysis of variance used the statistical program SAS. The maximum yield of biomass and essential was obtained oils combining the fertilization with 100 kg/ha of nitrogen as urea and the cutting frequency every of two months. The levels of nutrients extraction of Lippia alba varied between 79.7 and 128.5 kg/ha of nitrogen, 24.5 and 30.5 kg/ha of phosphorus, 114.6 and 138.8 Kg/ha of potassium and between 100 y 150 kg/ha of Calcium. The phytochemical analyses showed that the essential oil was mainly composed by carvona and limoneno. Key words: Nitrogenous Fertilization, Lippia alba, yields, biomass, essential oils.