The present study was conducted to investigate the vegetative propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata under ex vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the net house to select the best leaf segment among apical, middle and bottom portions of leaves and also to evaluate their performance in different potting media. Leaf segments were taken from apical, middle and bottom portions and planted in soil: compost at 1:0, soil: compost at 1:1 and soil: compost at 1:2 ratios. After 90 days, number of shoots per cutting (>1cm), number of shoot buds (

The gooseberry is one of the exotic fruit species most important in Colombia. Calcium has been shown to be important for quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, as it prevents a number of physiological disorders reinforce the cell walls and stabilize cellular membranes. With the aim to increase the fruit calcium concentration, a completely randomized design with four treatments was performed: a control and three applications of CaCl2 (0.5%, 1% and 2%), with four replicates, for a total of 16 experimental units (EU). The fruit was collected at maturity stage 6 according to the standard Icontec NTC 4580, completely healthy and homogeneous. The fruit was subsequently stored at 21 ± 1 ° C (RH 45%). The application of calcium in the gooseberry fruits decreased mass loss, firmness and ATT. Calcium treated fruit showed an increase in SST. In contrast, the treatments did not affect color. The doses of CaCl2 tested delayed ripening and prevented fruit deterioration.

In this study, variation of some chemical components such as anthocyanin, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolic, nitrate, soluble protein, proline, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrate level ad PAL activity in some wild and cultivated edible mushrooms was examined. For this, four different mushroom species (Agaricus campestris L., Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Lactarius piperatus L. Pers) were supplied from local market, named Kuzeykent Semt Bazaar, in Kastamonu province of Turkey. Mushroom samples were collected from Araç, Daday, Devrekani and Tosya locations of Kastamonu. According to findings, the highest anthocyanin value and PAL activity were obtained from A. campestris collected from Arac location with 0.107 mg g-1 and 6.99 EU, respectively. The amount of β-carotene (2.297 mg g-1) and lycopene (0.644 mg g-1) was the highest in C. cibarius collected from Tosya location, however; proline, soluble protein, nitrate and glucose level were the maximum in A. campestris collected from Devrekani location with 149.61 µmol g-1, 55.49 mg, 159.963 mg g-1 and 29.36 µg g-1, respectively. While total carbohydrate was the highest in H. erinaceus collected from Araç location with 80.97 µg g-1, sucrose concentration was the maximum with 39.22 mg g-1 in H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. As a result, A. campestris collected from Devrekani location exhibited the highest nutrient in terms of chemicals analysed except anthocyanin and it was followed by H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. However, C. cibarius and H. erinaceus collected from Araç location had lower chemical components. It can be said that these mushroom species are valuable and important as major food sources and non-wood products for Kastamonu province.

En el Campo Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira (CEUNP) se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada, aplicando dos fuentes (gallinaza y urea) en dos niveles (50 y 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno) y dos frecuencias de corte (dos y cuatro meses). En el lote experimental se situaron 15 parcelas, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó el programa estadístico SAS. El máximo rendimiento de biomasa y aceites esenciales se obtuvo con la aplicación de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno en forma de urea y la frecuencia de corte cada dos meses. Los niveles de extracción de Lippia alba en nitrógeno variaron entre 79.7 y 128.5; fósforo entre 24.5 y 30.5; potasio entre 114.6 y 138.8 y calcio entre 100 y 150 kg/ha. El aceite esencial estuvo compuesto mayoritariamente por carvona y limoneno. Palabras claves: Fertilización nitrogenada, Lippia alba, Rendimientos biomasa, aceites esenciales, pronto alivio. ABSTRACT Nitrogenous fertilization effects in the Lippia alba production and quality. In the Experimental Center of the National University of Colombia-Palmira (CEUNP) a experiment was realized to evaluate the effect of the nitrogenous fertilization, using two sources (gallinaza and urea) at two levels (50 and 100 kg/ha of nitrogen) and two cutting frequencies (each two and four months). In the experimental area 15 plots were planted, in a randomized Complete Blocks design random (RCBD) with five treatments and three repetitions to measure the following variables: production of fresh matter, content of dry matter, nutrients extraction and content of essential oils. The analysis of variance used the statistical program SAS. The maximum yield of biomass and essential was obtained oils combining the fertilization with 100 kg/ha of nitrogen as urea and the cutting frequency every of two months. The levels of nutrients extraction of Lippia alba varied between 79.7 and 128.5 kg/ha of nitrogen, 24.5 and 30.5 kg/ha of phosphorus, 114.6 and 138.8 Kg/ha of potassium and between 100 y 150 kg/ha of Calcium. The phytochemical analyses showed that the essential oil was mainly composed by carvona and limoneno. Key words: Nitrogenous Fertilization, Lippia alba, yields, biomass, essential oils.

Field studies were carried out in the localities of different altitudes and vegetation covers in the Hatay province in March-October 2018. Papilio demoleus was caught with insect net in the citrus orchards at Antakya and Reyhanlı. Cornifrons ulceratalis, Macaria alternata and Camptogramma bilineatum were caught mercury vapour light trap and white screen in different localities, at different elevations, in different climatic conditions, plant cover and sutface features in Erzin. Papilio demoleus was caught in the citrus gardens in the province of Hatay Reyhanlı district as a male and a female on 05.09.2018 and in Antakya district on 15.10.2018 as two male and three female individuals. This invasive species is widespread all over the world and has the potential to create substantial threat for citrus orchards in the Mediterranean region and in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in next years. As a result, Papilio demoleus (Papilionidae), Cornifrons ulceratalis (Crambidae), Macaria alternata and Camptogramma bilineatum (Geometridae) are new records for the lepidoptera fauna of Hatay.

To evaluate the damage intensity for Anastrepha fraterculus, in 53 varieties of mango at the basic orchard of the ICA-Palmira, there was no evident relationship between the epicarp texture an the infestation degreen. The fragrance, taste and soluble solids are characteristies more associated with a high or low degree of infestation. The following varieties are suggested as promissory: Froilan, Rosa, Pig-693, Mariquiteño, Kola Alphonse, Lorito , Spring Field. The incubation period of the pest in laboratory, lasted three days, the larval stage 17.66 days, pupal stage 17.80 days, and 7.78 days was the life of the adult. The relation of ocurrence of males and females was of 0.75: 1.00. The insects pretes shing days for copulation and egg laying. | Al evaluar intensidad del daño de Anastrepha fraterculus en 53 variedades de mango del huerto básico del ICA Palmira, no se encontró relación aparente entre la textura de epicarpio y el grado de infestación. El aroma, sabor y sólidos solubles se asocian más con el grado de infestación se sugirieron como promisorias las variedades: Froilan, Rosa, Pig-693, Mariquiteño, Kola Alphonse, Lorito y Spring Field. El período de incubación de la plaga en el laboratorio tardó tres días, el estado larval 17.66, el pupal 17.80 y 7.78 días duró la longevidad del adulto. La relación de macho y hembra fue 0.75: 1.00, la mosca prefiere copular y ovipositar en días de alto brillo solar.

Highly digestible high-lysine (HDHL) sorghum-wheat composites have previously been shown to produce better composite dough and bread compared to normal sorghum-wheat composites. This study aimed to test whether improved HDHL lines can provide further enhanced functionality through the effects of transglutaminase (TG) enzyme to improve dough rheological properties. Sorghum-wheat composite doughs were made using HDHL and normal sorghum flours at substitution levels of 10, 20, and 30%, with and without 0.15% TG. Rheological properties of dough were tested using a mechanical spectrometer at 0.05% strain amplitude (within the linear viscoelastic region) over a 0.01- 50 rad/sec frequency range. A more elastic system was observed in HDHL sorghum-wheat composites above 10% substitution levels compared to normal sorghum-wheat composite dough. Addition of TG to HDHL sorghum-wheat composites resulted in a decrease in phase angle values at all substitution level, indicating that TG increased the dough elasticity. However, TG did not change viscoelastic properties of normal sorghum-wheat composites. Bread from HDHL sorghum-wheat composites had significantly higher (P

Seeds of two citrus partners, Citrus reshni and C. jambhiri, preserved under two different temperatures-environmental temperature and temperature from 80 to 10 C were planted in an acid soil at 1.100 meters above sea level. In transplanting to bags, seedlings of these partners were inoculated with micorrhizal strains in a natural soil and in non-infected soil. A relationship among foliar area and the maximen length product by the maximum width in the leaves was established. The greatest emergency percentage was obtained during thirty days of storage; at temperatures from 8° to 10°C, the seed was better preserved. In C. reshni species Acaulospora longulata +Entrophospora colombiana exceeded Glomus manihotis and the control in both types of soil, in C. jambhiri in natural soil inoculation was effective. R2 over 99 % were found for linear regression among the foliar area and the length and width of the leaves. The accurate foliar area in Citrus partners in their first stages of growth was estimated through small samples. | En un suelo ácido, a 1.100 msnm, se sembraron semillas de dos patrones de cítricos Citrus reshni y C. jambhiri conservadas en dos temperaturas 8 .10 0C y ambiente, almacenadas por diferentes tiempos. Plántulas de estos patrones se inocularon, al momento del trasplante a bolsas, con cepas micorrizógenas en suelo natural y suelo desinfestado. Se estableció una relación entre área foliar y el producto largo máximo por ancho máximo de las hojas. Con 30 días de almacenamiento se obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de emergencia, en temperaturas de 8-10° C se conservó más la semilla. En C. reshni las especies Acaulospora longulata + Entrophospora colombiana superaron a Glomus manihotis y al testigo en los dos tipos de suelo; en C. jambhiri en suelo natural la inoculación fue efectiva. Se encontraron coeficientes de determinación R2 mayores de 99% para ecuaciones de regresión lineal entre área foliar y largo x ancho de las hojas, y con muestras pequeñas se pudo estimar con exactitud el área foliar de patrones de cítricos en estado de vivero.