Concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb and Hg in the sea water from fishing areas of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea and the Sea of Japan were determinated. Concentration of elements not exceeded maximum permissible levels. Evaluation of the quality of the fish revealed that the maximum permissible concentration Pb, Cd, Hg, As was not detected. It was found exceeding maximum permissible levels of arsenic in the soft tissues of crustaceans. | Определены концентрации Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb и Hg в морской воде из промысловых районов Охотского, Берингова и Японского морей. Они находились в пределах известных для морской воды и не превышали ПДК. Оценка качества обследованных рыб показала, что превышения ПДУ Pb, Cd, Hg, As в случае сохранения существующей экологической ситуации в районах их существования не ожидается. Отмечено превышение ПДУ мышьяка в мягких тканях краба-стригуна опилио, камчатского краба, северной и гребенчатой креветок.

El presente proyecto implementa un sistema ultravioleta de desinfección de agua, utilizando un sistema de fotovoltaico para cubrir la demanda de energía del equipo en la vertiente de agua en la Hostería San Andrés, Cantón Morona, Provincia de Morona Santiago. La parte experimental empieza con determinar la concentración de microorganismos en el agua de la vertiente. Al obtener los resultados de la carga microbiana en el agua, se procede a realizar pruebas en un reactor piloto, con un inóculo de E. coli (ATCC-25922) y distintos tiempos de exposición para determinar la tasa de inactivación microbiana por UV. Posteriormente se diseña el equipo de desinfección ultravioleta para su posterior construcción y evaluación. La implementación del sistema fotovoltaico empieza al determinar la demanda energética del equipo de desinfección, así como la radiación disponible en el lugar de emplazamiento. Posteriormente, se calcula el número y capacidad de baterías, así como las características del regulador de carga. Finalmente, se asegura una correcta conexión del equipo de desinfección al sistema de almacenamiento implementado por la administración de la hostería y se realiza una evaluación de la eficiencia de ambos sistemas en conjunto, con el fin de evaluar el funcionamiento acoplado por periodos consecutivos de 24 horas. | Andres Hotel, in Morona, Morona Santiago province. The experimental part begins by identifying microorganisms living in the watershed for its subsequent analysis at the laboratory. Once a microbial concentration from the water has been obtained, some tests in a pilot reactor with an inoculum of E. coli ATCC-25922 take place at five different exposure periods with the aim of determining the microbial inactivation rate through UV radiation. After obtaining the results, the UV disinfection equipment is designed for its later construction and evaluation. The implementation of this photovoltaic system begins by determining the energy demand of disinfection equipment as well as the radiation available at the place. Afterwards, the number of photovoltaic panels and battery capacity, as well technical characteristics of the charge controller are determined. During the installation of the photovoltaic system, the correct connection of the disinfection equipment to the water storage tank, provided by the hotel’s administration, is ensured. Finally, an evaluation on the efficiency of both systems is executed in order for the whole system to work during consecutive 24-hour period. | Vaca Jiménez, Santiago David, director

Herein, the synthesis of bovine serum albumin-Cu(II) hybrid nanoflowers (BSA-NFs) through the building blocks of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and copper(II) ions in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and their use as adsorbent for cadmium and lead ions are reported. The BSA-NFs, for the first time, were efficiently utilized as novel adsorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE) of cadmium and lead ions in water, food, cigarette and hair samples. The method is based on the separation and pre-concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by BSA-NFs prior to determination by slurry analysis via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The analytes were adsorbed on BSA-NFs under the vortex mixing and then the ion-loaded slurry was separated and directly introduced into the flame AAS nebulizer by using a hand-made micro sample introduction system to eliminate a number of drawbacks. The effects of analytical key parameters, such as pH, amount of BSA-NFs, vortexing time, sample volume, and matrix effect of foreign ions on adsorbing of Cd(II) and Pb(II) were systematically investigated and optimized. The limits of detection (LODs) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were calculated as 0.37 μg L−1 and 8.8 μg L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation percentages (RSDs) (N = 5) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 7.2%, and 5.0%, respectively. The accuracy of the developed procedure was validated by the analysis of certified reference materials (TMDA-53.3 Fortified Water, TMDA-70 Fortified Water, SPS-WW2 Waste Water, NCSDC-73349 Bush Branches and Leaves) and by addition/recovery analysis. The quantitative recoveries were obtained for the analysis of certified reference materials and addition/recovery tests. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of cadmium and lead in water, food, cigarette and hair samples.

This research refers to the "Evaluation of the effectiveness of honey cabuya´s water (American agave) as feed additive for creole pigs in the stages of growing and fattening in Poalo parish, Cotopaxi, 2015". As general planted objective: To evaluate the efficacy of honey cabuya´s water (American agave) as a feed additive Creole pigs in the stages of growth and fattening. For the experimentation 15 2 months old male native pigs, were divided into three treatments with 5 pigs per each, in which the designing was applied completely random (DCA) there were used at treatment 1 (T1) group with 40% water honey, treatment 2 (T2) with 60% water and honey treatment 3 (T3) was the control group, water honey was administered daily at corresponding treatments in the morning and afternoon. | La presente investigación se refiere a la “Evaluación de la eficacia del agua miel de la cabuya (Agave americana) como aditivo en la alimentación de cerdos criollos, en las etapas de crecimiento y engorde en la parroquia Poaló, Cotopaxi, 2015”. En lo que se planteó como objetivo general: Evaluar la eficacia el agua miel de la cabuya (AGAVE americana) como aditivo en la alimentación de cerdos criollos, en las etapas de crecimiento y engorde. Para la experimentación se utilizaron 15 cerdos machos criollos de dos meses de edad, los cuales fueron divididos en tres tratamientos con 5 cerdos cada uno, en el cual se aplicó el diseño completamente al azar (DCA), en donde el tratamiento 1 (T1) fue el grupo con el 40% de agua miel, tratamiento 2 (T2) con el 60 % de agua miel y el tratamiento 3 (T3) fue el grupo testigo, el agua miel fue administrada todos los días en los tratamientos correspondientes en la mañana y en la tarde.

El sistema de riego Pilzhum – Luis Cordero, se encuentra ubicado en la Parroquia de Luis Cordero en la provincia del Cañar. El objetivo de la presente tesis, fue determinar la relación entre calidad de agua de riego, calidad de producción de alimentos y su efecto sobre la salud de los beneficiarios del sistema de riego Pilzhum – Luis Cordero. Para este estudio se tomaron muestras del agua de riego en tres puntos: Zona de Captación en el sector de Chanín, Zona de Conducción en el sector de Santa Ana y en la Zona de Distribución en el sector de Chocar; además se analizaron cinco muestras de lechugas sembradas en parcelas ubicadas en cada una de las comunidades que se benefician del riego; también se realizaron exámenes coproparasitarios a 79 usuarios del sistema. Se determinó que el agua del sistema de riego presenta valores superiores a 1413,6 NMP/100 ml de Coliformes Totales y valores superiores a los 80,9 NMP/100 ml de Coliformes Fecales en los sectores de Chanín y Santa Ana; paralelamente se identificó mediante las pruebas de laboratorio que las lechugas no son aptas para el consumo por presentar valores superiores a 1100 NMP/g de Coliformes Totales y 120 NMP/g de Coliformes Fecales. En base a los resultados obtenidos se concluye que la calidad de agua de riego presenta problemas de contaminación afectando a los cultivos y estos a su vez siendo portadores de parásitos que está incidiendo en la salud de los beneficiarios y consumidores de las lechugas que se riegan con el agua del sistema de riego | The irrigation system called “Pilzhum - Luis Cordero”, is located in the parish of Luis Cordero in the province of Cañar. The aim of this thesis was to determine the relationship between quality of irrigation water, quality of food production and its effect on the health of the beneficiaries of the irrigation system “Pilzhum - Luis Cordero”. For this study samples were taken of irrigation water in three points: Catchment Area in the sector of Chanin, Driving area in the sector of Santa Ana and in the area of distribution in the sector of Chocar; in addition five samples were analyzed of lettuce planted in plots located in each one of the communities that will benefit from the irrigation; also coproparasitarios reviews were conducted to 79 users of the system. It was found that the water of the irrigation system presents higher values to 1413,6 NMP/100 ml for total coliforms and values higher than the 80,9 NMP/100 ml of the fecal coliforms in the sectors of Chanin and Santa Ana; at the same time it was identified through the laboratory test that the lettuces are not suitable for consumption by presenting higher values to 1100 NMP/g of total coliform and 120 NMP/g of fecal coliforms. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the quality of irrigation water presents problems of pollution affecting crops and these in turn being carriers of parasites that is affecting the health of beneficiaries and consumers of the lettuce that are irrigated with water from the irrigation system | Magíster en Agroecología y Ambiente | Cuenca

To examine the consumption of plain water among children in France and compare total water intakes with guidelines issued by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Nationally representative data were used to assess food, beverage and water consumption by sex, age group (4–8 years, 9–13 years), income-to-poverty ratio, eating occasion and location. Beverages were classified into nine groups: water (tap or bottled), milk, 100 % fruit juice, sodas, fruit drinks, hot beverages, sports drinks and flavoured waters. Total water volume in relation to energy intake (litres/kcal) was also examined. INCA 2 study (Étude Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires 2006–2007). French children (n 835) aged 4–13 years. Total water intakes were accounted for by plain water (34 %), beverages (26 %) and food moisture (40 %). Plain water could be tap (18 %) or bottled (16 %). Older children drank more plain water than did younger children and boys drank more plain water than did girls. No socio-economic gradient for plain water consumption was observed. About 90 % of children did not meet the EFSA water intake recommendations. The daily water shortfall ranged from 367 to 594 ml/d. Water-to-energy ratio was 0·75–0·77 litres/1000 kcal (4184 kJ). Children drank milk at breakfast and plain water during lunch and dinner. Caloric beverages provided 10 % of dietary energy; consumption patterns varied by eating location. Total water intakes among young children in France were below EFSA-recommended levels. Analyses of beverage consumption patterns by eating occasion and location can help identify ways to increase water consumption among children.