Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties. Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance. Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%. Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%.

Wheat is one of the main crops in China, and crop yield prediction is important for regional trade and national food security. There are increasing concerns with respect to how to integrate multi-source data and employ machine learning techniques to establish a simple, timely, and accurate crop yield prediction model at an administrative unit. Many previous studies were mainly focused on the whole crop growth period through expensive manual surveys, remote sensing, or climate data. However, the effect of selecting different time window on yield prediction was still unknown. Thus, we separated the whole growth period into four time windows and assessed their corresponding predictive ability by taking the major winter wheat production regions of China as an example in the study. Firstly we developed a modeling framework to integrate climate data, remote sensing data and soil data to predict winter wheat yield based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results show that the models can accurately predict yield 1~2 months before the harvesting dates at the county level in China with an R2 &gt: 0.75 and yield error less than 10%. Support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and random forest (RF) represent the top three best methods for predicting yields among the eight typical machine learning models tested in this study. In addition, we also found that different agricultural zones and temporal training settings affect prediction accuracy. The three models perform better as more winter wheat growing season information becomes available. Our findings highlight a potentially powerful tool to predict yield using multiple-source data and machine learning in other regions and for crops.

Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is one of the main staple foods worldwide. Wide precise sowing (Wps) is a sowing method believed to produce the highest winter wheat grain yields; however, the reasons for its high yields and its effect on quality traits have not been effectively studied. Hence, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three sowing methods, dibbling (Db), drilling (Dr), and Wps and seed rates (112.5 kg ha⁻¹, 150 kg ha⁻¹, 187.5 kg ha⁻¹, and 225 kg ha⁻¹) on grain yield and the quality of winter wheat. Wps, Dr, and Db produced statistically similar results in terms of the grain yield and most of the quality traits measured. The grain yield increased significantly with the increasing rate, the highest being 7488.89 kg ha⁻¹ at a seed rate of 225 kg ha⁻¹. The total protein, albumin, and globulin were not affected by the sowing methods, but prolamin and glutelin were affected by the Dr and Wps, respectively. The total starch in both years, and the amylose and amylopectin in the first year, were affected only by the seed rates, with 60.11%, 23.2%, 38.63%, or higher values. The results indicated that for the wheat yield and quality traits, Wps, Dr and Db can mostly be used interchangeably. For the protein, starch, and grain yield, the suitable seed rates were 112.5 kg ha⁻¹, 150 kg ha⁻¹, and 225 kg ha⁻¹, respectively.

Purpose. To determine the growing factors impact the economically valuable characteristics of new soft winter wheat varieties.Methods. Field, biochemical methods, ANOVA.Results. The influence of the growing zone, the growing season conditions and the genotype of the soft winter wheat varieties on yield, protein and gluten content were determined. The conditions of the growing zone have the greatest influence on studied varieties yield – 73%. On average, for 2020–2021, the maximum yield was obtained in the Forest-Steppe zone – 6.23–8.39 t/ha. In the Forest zone, the yield of studied soft winter wheat varieties was 5.31–7.02 t/ha. For the Steppe zone, the yield was within 5.16–6.63 t/ha. It was determined that varieties which showed low yield in the Forrest zone were characterized by higher yield in the Steppe zone. It was found that the growing zone (49%) and growing season (42%) conditions have the greatest effect on the protein content in grain of studied varieties. It was determined that variety ‘MANDARIN’ was characterized by the highest protein content in all growing zones (14.5–16.4%). In the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, high protein content was identified in grain of wheat varieties ‘Tata Mata’ (13.6–14.3%), ‘Eneida’ (13.6–14.3%) and ‘Novator’ (14.2 and 13.2%), in the Forest zone – in grain of varieties ‘Vahoma’ and ‘Eneida’ – 13.4% each. It was found that the growing zone conditions impacted gluten content in grain of studied wheat varieties by 64%, the influence of the growing season conditions was 28%. The effect of variety genotype on protein and gluten content was 5 and 4%, respectively. The grain of soft winter wheat varieties ‘MANDARIN’ and ‘Eneida’ contained the largest amount of gluten in all growing zones (27.7–31.8% and 27.3–30.3%). For the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, a high gluten content was found in grains of varieties ‘Illusion’ (28.4 and 30.8%) and ‘Tata Mata’ (27.8 and 29.8%).Conclusions. It was found that growing zone conditions of soft winter wheat varieties (73%) and the interaction of factors zone × year (21%) impacted the yield significantly. The growing zone conditions (49 and 64%), growing season conditions (21 and 28%) and genotype of variety (5 and 4%, respectively) had a significant influence on protein and gluten content. Therefore, a significant influence of growing zone conditions on the productivity indicators of soft winter wheat determines the need to select varieties in order to obtain a high yield, taking into account the soil and climatic zone | Мета. Визначити вплив факторів вирощування на господарсько-цінні характеристики нових сортів пшениці м’якої озимої.Методи. Польовий, біохімічні методи аналізу та дисперсійний аналіз.Результати. Встановлено частки впливу умов зони вирощування, вегетаційного періоду року та генотипу на врожайність, вміст білка і клейковини в зерні сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. На врожайність досліджуваних сортів найбільше вплинули умови зони вирощування (73%). Так, у середньому за 2020–2021 рр. у зоні Лісостепу вона становила 6,23–8,39 т/га (максимальна); Полісся – 5,31–7,02; Степу – 5,16–6,63 т/га. Сорти, які в зоні Полісся показали низьку врожайність, у Степу характеризувалися вищою. Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка в зерні досліджуваних сортів становила 49%; умов вегетаційного періоду року – 42%. Найбільший вміст білка у всіх зонах вирощування мав сорт ‘МАНДАРИН’ (14,5–16,4%). У Степу та Лісостепі найбільшу його кількість виявлено в зерні сортів ‘Тата Мата’ (13,6–14,3%), ‘Енеїда’ (13,6–14,3%) та ‘Новатор’ (14,2 і 13,2%), в Поліссі – у ‘Вагома’ та ‘Енеїда’ (по 13,4%). На вміст клейковини в зерні досліджуваних сортів умови зони вирощування впливали на 64%, вегетаційного періоду року – на 28%. Вплив генотипу на вміст білка і клейковини становив 5 і 4% відповідно. У всіх зонах вирощування найбільше клейковини містило зерно сортів ‘МАНДАРИН’ та ‘Енеїда’ (27,7–31,8 і 27,3–30,3%). У Степу та Лісостепі високий вміст клейковини мали сорти ‘Ілюзіон’ (28,4 та 30,8%) і ‘Тата Мата’ (27,8 та 29,8%).Висновки. Встановлено, що на врожайність сортів пшениці м’якої озимої суттєво впливали умови зони вирощування (73%) та взаємодія факторів зона × рік (21%). Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка і клейковини становила 49 і 64% (суттєва), умов вегетаційного періоду року – 21 і 28%, а генотипу – 5 і 4% відповідно. Отже, для отримання високого врожаю пшениці м’якої озимої необхідно підбирати сорти, враховуючи істотний вплив умов ґрунтово-кліматичної зони вирощування на показники продуктивності.

Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties.Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance.Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%.Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%. | Цель. Установить закономерности влияния факторов выращивания на хозяйственно-ценные характеристики новых сортов сои.Методы. Полевой, биохимические методы анализа, дисперсионный анализ.Результаты. Определены доли влияния зоны выращивания, условий вегетационного периода года и сорта сои на урожайность, массу 1000 семян, содержание сырого протеина и масла, сбора белка и масла. Наибольшее влияние на показатель урожайности исследуемых сортов имела зона выращивания – 55%. В среднем за 2017–2018 гг. максимальная урожайность получена в зоне Лесостепи – 2,48–3,58 т/га, самая низкая – в зоне Степи 1,33–1,89 т/га. Значение показателя массы 1000 семян в среднем за 2017–2018 гг. составляют в зоне Степи – 125,1–169,9 г, в Лесостепи – 130,2–207,8 г и 143,9–188,0 г в зоне Полесья. По результатам дисперсионного анализа было определено, что на массу 1000 семян наибольшее влияние имела зона выращивания – 31%, меньшее влияние оказывал сорт – 21% и условия вегетационного периода года – 13%. Основные показатели качества сои культурной – содержание сырого протеина и масла в семенах. Наибольшие значения содержания сырого протеина отмечено в зоне Лесостепи – 37,5–44,0%. В зоне Полесья содержание сырого протеина составило 34,4–41,7%, в зоне Степи – 35,4–40,1%. Максимальные значения этого показателя были отмечены у сорта ‘НС Дияна’ – 44,0% в зоне Лесостепи, в зоне Полесья – у сорта ‘Алекса’ – 41,7%, в степной зоне ‘НС Дияна’ – 40,1%. Таким образом, наибольшее влияние на содержания сырого протеина имел фактор зоны выращивания (31%) и сорт (25%), взаимодействие факторов сорта и зоны выращивания влияло на 17%. Содержание масла в среднем за 2017–2018 гг. составляло от 19,8 до 24,2%. Высокое содержание масла было отмечено у сорта ‘Адсой’ в зоне Полесья и Лесостепи – 24,2 и 22,6%, соответственно, а также у сорта ‘Азимут’ – 23,8% в степной зоне. По результатам дисперсионного анализа было определено, что на показатель содержания масла в семенах сои больше всего влияли зона выращивания на 25%, сорт – 21%, и взаимодействие факторов сорта и зоны выращивания на 21%.Выводы. Наибольшее влияние на исследуемые показатели имела зона выращивания. Определено, что доля влияния зоны выращивания сортов сои составляет 25–55% в зависимости от исследуемого показателя. Определено, что доля влияния сорта составляла 4–25%, условия вегетационного периода года влияли на 1–26%. | Мета. Установити закономірності впливу факторів вирощування на господарсько-цінні характеристики нових сортів сої.Методи. Польовий, біохімічні методи аналізу, дисперсійний аналіз.Результати. Визначено частки впливу таких факторів як зона вирощування, умови вегетаційного періоду року та сорт сої на врожайність, масу 1000 насінин, уміст сирого протеїну та олії, збір білка та олії з гектара. Найбільше впливав на показник урожайності досліджуваних сортів фактор зони вирощування – його вплив складав 55%. У середньому за 2017–2018 рр. максимальну врожайність досліджуваних сортів отримано в зоні Лісостепу – 2,48–3,58 т/га, найменшу – в зоні Степу – 1,33–1,89 т/га. Значення показника маси 1000 насінин в середньому за 2017–2018 рр. становили для зони Степу – 125,1–169,9 г, Лісостепу – 130,2–207,8 г та 143,9–188,0 г – для зони Полісся. За допомогою дисперсійного аналізу було визначено, що на масу 1000 насінин найбільше впливала зона вирощування – 31%, менше значення мав фактор сорту – 21% та умови вегетаційного періоду року – 13%. Найбільші значення вмісту сирого протеїну в насінні сої відмічено у зоні Лісостепу – 37,5–44,0%. У зоні Полісся вміст сирого протеїну для досліджуваних сортів становив 34,4–41,7%, в зоні Степу – 35,4–40,1%. Максимальні значення цього показника було відмічено для сорту ‘НС Діяна’ – 44,0% в зоні Лісостепу, в зоні Полісся –  для ‘Алєкса’ – 41,7%, в степовій зоні – для сорту ‘НС Діяна’ – 40,1%. Таким чином, найбільший вплив на вміст сирого протеїну мав фактор зони вирощування (31%) та сорту (25%), взаємодія факторів «сорт» та «зона вирощування» впливала на 17%. Вміст олії для досліджуваних сортів сої в середньому за 2017–2018 рр. становив від 19,8 до 24,2% в трьох зонах вирощування. Найвищий вміст олії було відмічено у насінні сорту ‘Адсой’ в зоні Полісся та Лісостепу – 24,2 та 22,6%, відповідно, а також у сорту ‘Азимут’ – 23,8% в степовій зоні. Використання дисперсійного аналізу дозволило встановити, що на вміст олії в насінні сої найбільше впливали фактор зони вирощування – його вплив становив 25%, вклад фактору належності до певного сорту – 21%, взаємодія факторів «сорт» та «зона вирощування» впливала на 21%.Висновки. Найбільший вплив на досліджувані показники чинив фактор зони вирощування. Визначено, що частка впливу фактора зони вирощування сортів сої на показники врожайності, маси 1000 насінин, умісту сирого протеїну та олії, збору білка та олії з гектара становила 25–55%. Визначено, що частка впливу фактору сорту становила 4–25%, умови вегетаційного періоду року впливали на 1–26%.

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (eCO₂) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO₂ and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO₂ and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO₂-enriched environment are discussed.

Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties. Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance. Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%. Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%.

Мета. Визначити вплив факторів вирощування на господарсько-цінні характеристики нових сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. Методи. Польовий, біохімічні методи аналізу та дисперсійний аналіз. Результати. Встановлено частки впливу умов зони вирощування, вегетаційного періоду року та генотипу на врожайність, вміст білка і клейковини в зерні сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. На врожайність досліджуваних сортів найбільше вплинули умови зони вирощування (73%). Так, у середньому за 2020–2021 рр. у зоні Лісостепу вона становила 6,23–8,39 т/га (максимальна); Полісся – 5,31–7,02; Степу – 5,16–6,63 т/га. Сорти, які в зоні Полісся показали низьку врожайність, у Степу характеризувалися вищою. Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка в зерні досліджуваних сортів становила 49%; умов вегетаційного періоду року – 42%. Найбільший вміст білка у всіх зонах вирощування мав сорт ‘МАНДАРИН’ (14,5–16,4%). У Степу та Лісостепі найбільшу його кількість виявлено в зерні сортів ‘Тата Мата’ (13,6–14,3%), ‘Енеїда’ (13,6–14,3%) та ‘Новатор’ (14,2 і 13,2%), в Поліссі – у ‘Вагома’ та ‘Енеїда’ (по 13,4%). На вміст клейковини в зерні досліджуваних сортів умови зони вирощування впливали на 64%, вегетаційного періоду року – на 28%. Вплив генотипу на вміст білка і клейковини становив 5 і 4% відповідно. У всіх зонах вирощування найбільше клейковини містило зерно сортів ‘МАНДАРИН’ та ‘Енеїда’ (27,7–31,8 і 27,3–30,3%). У Степу та Лісостепі високий вміст клейковини мали сорти ‘Ілюзіон’ (28,4 та 30,8%) і ‘Тата Мата’ (27,8 та 29,8%). Висновки. Встановлено, що на врожайність сортів пшениці м’якої озимої суттєво впливали умови зони вирощування (73%) та взаємодія факторів зона × рік (21%). Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка і клейковини становила 49 і 64% (суттєва), умов вегетаційного періоду року – 21 і 28%, а генотипу – 5 і 4% відповідно. Отже, для отримання високого врожаю пшениці м’якої озимої необхідно підбирати сорти, враховуючи істотний вплив умов ґрунтово-кліматичної зони вирощування на показники продуктивності.

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (eCO₂) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO₂ and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO₂ and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO₂-enriched environment are discussed.

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is one of the major crops in the Mediterranean basin, where water stress often occurs during grain filling which represents a critical stage for the synthesis and accumulation of storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins). The aim of the study is to evaluate, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE SDS-PAGE), the storage proteins composition of two durum wheat cultivars (Ciccio and Svevo) cultivated in a growth chamber under two different water regimes (control and water deficit). At milk stage and physiological maturity, gluten proteins have been extracted and separated by 2DE SDS-PAGE. The analysis of the gels was performed by the software ImageMaster 2D Platinum (Amersham). The results showed differences in protein expression within the different gel regions between water regimes and cultivars; under water deficit the rate of protein accumulation was faster for all the protein regions, either at milk and physiological stage. Protein accumulation within high molecular weight (H) region resulted faster in Ciccio than in Svevo mainly in the control treatment. In the low molecular weight region between 48 and 35 kDa (L 48-35), the cultivar Ciccio showed a higher protein expression than Svevo. Furthermore under water deficit a marked increase in H region volume and a decrease in the L 48-35 region was observed only for Svevo; instead in Ciccio no change was observed showing this cultivar a greater stability on changing water regime. Further studies by the use of mass spectrometry are necessary to identify specific peptides relative to drought stress during grain filling as well as to investigate the relationships with technological quality.

Purpose. Create a new source material of soybeans without pubescence, determine its selection value for the efficient use of processed products in animal nutrition, which will ensure high productivity of the latter. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds are important economic and valuable features. The lack of pubescence on plants is unique. Methods. Field, special, laboratory and mathematical-statistical. Results. The minimum fat content of 20.88% was observed in the seeds of the non-pubescent variety ‘Kobra’, 23.73% in the line No 305, and 25.02% in the line No 22. The varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Antratsyt’ had a high fat content – 24.08–25.83%. The protein content in the green mass of promising lines was very low – up to 16%. The fat content was in the range of 2.1–5.3% with the maximum value in the lines No 3 and No 7 – 4.67–5.26%. The protein content in ‘Anakonda’ seeds and No 1 and No 9 lines was 36–37%, in standard varieties – at the level of 29.5–35.63%. A comparison of new non-pubescent lines with standard varieties and the most productive varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Adamos’, which are included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and meet the requirements for efficient use in fodder production. Conclusions. Lack of pubescence in soybean plants is an extremely rare and atypical phenomenon. There are no such varieties in the state register of plant varieties of Ukraine. More than 50 non-pubescent lines exceed the indicators of economic suitability of national standards and modern varieties. Lines No 4, No 5, No 7, No 8, which had more than 15% protein in the green mass, should be involved in the selection process to create fodder varieties. The ‘Anakonda’ line has a nutritional value with a minimum content of linolenic acid in the oil (6.08%). Increased oleic acid content was observed in varieties ‘Adamos’ (35.01%), ‘Diamant’ (33.53%), ‘Ametyst’ (31.39%).

Purpose. Create a new source material of soybeans without pubescence, determine its selection value for the efficient use of processed products in animal nutrition, which will ensure high productivity of the latter. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds are important economic and valuable features. The lack of pubescence on plants is unique.Methods. Field, special, laboratory and mathematical-statistical.Results. The minimum fat content of 20.88% was observed in the seeds of the non-pubescent variety ‘Kobra’, 23.73% in the line No 305, and 25.02% in the line No 22. The varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Antratsyt’ had a high fat content – 24.08–25.83%. The protein content in the green mass of promising lines was very low – up to 16%. The fat content was in the range of 2.1–5.3% with the maximum value in the lines No 3 and No 7 – 4.67–5.26%. The protein content in ‘Anakonda’ seeds and No 1 and No 9 lines was 36–37%, in standard varieties – at the level of 29.5–35.63%. A comparison of new non-pubescent lines with standard varieties and the most productive varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Adamos’, which are included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and meet the requirements for efficient use in fodder production.Conclusions. Lack of pubescence in soybean plants is an extremely rare and atypical phenomenon. There are no such varieties in the state register of plant varieties of Ukraine. More than 50 non-pubescent lines exceed the indicators of economic suitability of national standards and modern varieties. Lines No 4, No 5, No 7, No 8, which had more than 15% protein in the green mass, should be involved in the selection process to create fodder varieties. The ‘Anakonda’ line has a nutritional value with a minimum content of linolenic acid in the oil (6.08%). Increased oleic acid content was observed in varieties ‘Adamos’ (35.01%), ‘Diamant’ (33.53%), ‘Ametyst’ (31.39%). | Мета. Створити новий вихідний матеріал сої без опушення, визначити його селекційну цінність для ефективного використання продуктів переробки в годівлі тварин, що забезпечить отримання високої продуктивності останніх. Важливими господарсько-цінними ознаками при цьому є кількісні та якісні показники насіння. Відсутність опушення рослин є унікальним.Методи. Польові, спеціальні, лабораторні та математично-статистичні. Результати. Мінімальний уміст жиру в насінні – 20,88% відзначено в неопушеного сорту ‘Кобра’, у ліній № 305 та № 22 – 23,73 і 25,02% відповідно. Високим умістом жиру характеризувалися сорти ‘Алмаз’ і ‘Антрацит’ – 24,08 і 25,83%. Уміст білка в зеленій масі перспективних ліній був дуже низьким – до 16%. Уміст жиру був у межах від 2,1 до 5,3% з максимальними значеннями в ліній № 3 і № 7 – 4,67 і 5,26% відповідно. Уміст білка в насінні ‘Анаконда’ та ліній № 1 і № 9 був на рівні 36–37%, у сортів-стандартів – 29,57–35,63%. Порівняно нові лінії без опушення із сортами-стандартами та найурожайнішими сортами ‘Алмаз’ і ‘Адамос’, які занесені до Державного реєстру сортів рослин України та відповідають вимогам ефективного використання в кормовиробництві.Висновки. Відсутність опушення в рослин сої – надзвичайно рідкісне й нетипове явище. У Держреєстрі такі сорти відсутні. Понад 50 неопушених ліній культури перевищують показники господарської придатності національних стандартів і сучасних сортів. У процесі створення нових сортів з підвищеним умістом жиру в насінні доцільно використовувати неопушені лінії № 305 (23,73%) і № 22 (25,02%). Для створення кормових сортів у селекційний процес слід залучати лінії № 4, № 5, № 7, № 8, які мали в зеленій масі понад 15% протеїну. Високою харчовою цінністю характеризується лінія ‘Анаконда’ з мінімальним умістом в олії ліноленової кислоти (6,08%). Підвищений уміст олеїнової кислоти відзначено в сортів ‘Адамос’ (35,01%), ‘Алмаз’ (33,53%), ‘Аметист’ (31,39%).

Purpose. Create a new source material of soybeans without pubescence, determine its selection value for the efficient use of processed products in animal nutrition, which will ensure high productivity of the latter. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds are important economic and valuable features. The lack of pubescence on plants is unique. Methods. Field, special, laboratory and mathematical-statistical. Results. The minimum fat content of 20.88% was observed in the seeds of the non-pubescent variety ‘Kobra’, 23.73% in the line No 305, and 25.02% in the line No 22. The varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Antratsyt’ had a high fat content – 24.08–25.83%. The protein content in the green mass of promising lines was very low – up to 16%. The fat content was in the range of 2.1–5.3% with the maximum value in the lines No 3 and No 7 – 4.67–5.26%. The protein content in ‘Anakonda’ seeds and No 1 and No 9 lines was 36–37%, in standard varieties – at the level of 29.5–35.63%. A comparison of new non-pubescent lines with standard varieties and the most productive varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Adamos’, which are included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and meet the requirements for efficient use in fodder production. Conclusions. Lack of pubescence in soybean plants is an extremely rare and atypical phenomenon. There are no such varieties in the state register of plant varieties of Ukraine. More than 50 non-pubescent lines exceed the indicators of economic suitability of national standards and modern varieties. Lines No 4, No 5, No 7, No 8, which had more than 15% protein in the green mass, should be involved in the selection process to create fodder varieties. The ‘Anakonda’ line has a nutritional value with a minimum content of linolenic acid in the oil (6.08%). Increased oleic acid content was observed in varieties ‘Adamos’ (35.01%), ‘Diamant’ (33.53%), ‘Ametyst’ (31.39%).

Purpose. To establish the biochemical composition of the above ground part of Serratula coronata L. (Crowned saw-wort) for introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. Methods. The object of research was the plants of S. coronata from the collection of the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. Plant raw material was evaluated in the flowering phase in the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Cultural Flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanic Gardens of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to the relevant methods during 2014–2016. Results. The results of the study of phytochemical features of S. coronata under conditions of introduction in the Central Polissia of Ukraine in the flowering phase are given. Quantitative content of raw material in dry matter, total sugars, carotene, ascorbic acid, tannins, fats, free acids, macroelements of phosphorus, calcium and trace elements of iron, copper, zinc, manganese was revealed. Conclusions. The biochemical composition of the above ground part of S. coronata was determined for the first time in the conditions of introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the dependence of the content of biochemical compounds and macroelements on age characteristics of plants were determined. Plants of S. coronata of the third year of life were distinguished by the highest content of ascorbic acid, carotene and dry matter; two-year – organic acids, phosphorus, ash, common sugars; the fourth year of life – the content of oil and calcium. Significant amounts of vitamin C and iron were found in the raw material. The obtained results testify to the prospect of further study of the pharmacological properties of S. coronata in order to obtain new food products, bio-additives and phytopreparations enriched with biologically active substances and essential for human life.

Метa. Установити біохімічний склад наземної частини Sеrratulacoronatа L. (серпій увінчаний) за інтродукції в Центральному Поліссі України.Методи. Об’єктом досліджень слугували рослини S. coronatа з колекції ботанічного саду Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету. Фітосировину оцінювали у фазі квітування в біохімічній лабораторії відділу культурної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України за відповідними методиками впродовж 2014–2016 рр. Результати. Наведено результати вивчення фітохімічних особливостей рослин S. сoronatа за умов інтродукції в Центральному Поліссі України у фазі квітування. Установлено кількісний уміст у сировині сухої речовини, загальних цукрів, каротину, аскорбінової кислоти, дубильних речовин, жирів, вільних кислот, макроелементів фосфору, кальцію та мікроелементів заліза, міді, цинку, мангану. Висновки. Уперше в умовах інтродукції в Центральному Поліссі України визначено біохімічний склад наземної частини рослин S. сoronatа. З’ясовано особливості залежності вмісту біохімічних сполук та макроелементів від вікових особливостей рослин. РослиниS. сoronatа третього року життя вирізнялися найбільшим умістом аскорбінової кислоти, каротину та сухої речовини; дворічні – органічних кислот, фосфору, золи, загальних цукрів; четвертого року життя – умістом жирів та кальцію.У сировині виявлено значну кількість вітаміну С та заліза. Отримані результати свідчать про перспективність подальшого вивчення фармакологічних властивостей S. сoronatа з метою отримання нових харчових продуктів, біодобавок і фітопрепаратів, збагачених біологічно активними речовинами і необхідних для життєдіяльності людини. | Purpose. To establish the biochemical composition of the above ground part of Serratula coronata L. (Crowned saw-wort) for introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. Methods. The object of research was the plants of S. coronata from the collection of the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. Plant raw material was evaluated in the flowering phase in the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Cultural Flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanic Gardens of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to the relevant methods during 2014–2016. Results. The results of the study of phytochemical features of S. coronata under conditions of introduction in the Central Polissia of Ukraine in the flowering phase are given. Quantitative content of raw material in dry matter, total sugars, carotene, ascorbic acid, tannins, fats, free acids, macroelements of phosphorus, calcium and trace elements of iron, copper, zinc, manganese was revealed. Conclusions. The biochemical composition of the above ground part of S. coronata was determined for the first time in the conditions of introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the dependence of the content of biochemical compounds and macroelements on age characteristics of plants were determined. Plants of S. coronata of the third year of life were distinguished by the highest content of ascorbic acid, carotene and dry matter; two-year – organic acids, phosphorus, ash, common sugars; the fourth year of life – the content of oil and calcium. Significant amounts of vitamin C and iron were found in the raw material. The obtained results testify to the prospect of further study of the pharmacological properties of S. coronata in order to obtain new food products, bio-additives and phytopreparations enriched with biologically active substances and essential for human life. | Цель. Изучение биохимического состава наземной части растений Sеrratula coronatа при интродукции в Центральном Полесье Украины.Методы. Объектом исследований служили растения S. coronatа коллекции ботанического сада Житомирского национального агроэкологического университета. Фитосырье оценивали в фазе цветения в биохимической лаборатории отдела культурной флоры Национального ботанического сада им. Н. Н. Гришка НАН Украины по соответствующим методикам на протяжении 2014–2016 гг. Результаты. Представлены результаты изучения фитохимических особенностей растений S. сoronatа при интродукции в Центральном Полесье Украины в фазе цветения. Установлено количест­венное содержание в сырье сухого вещества, общих сахаров, аскорбиновой кислоты, каротина, дубильных веществ, жиров, свободных кислот, макроэлементов фосфора, кальция и микроэлементов железа, меди, цинка, марганца.Выводы. Впервые в условиях интродукции в Центральном Полесье Украины установлено биохимичес­кий состав наземной части растений S. сoronatа. Выяснены особенности зависимости содержания биохимических соединений и макроэлементов от возрастных особеннос­тей растений. Растения S. сoronatа третьего года жизни отличались наибольшим содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты, каротина и сухого вещества; двулетние – органических кислот, фосфора, золы, общих сахаров; четвертого года жизни – содержанием жиров и кальция. В сырье выявлено значительное количество витамина С и железа. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности дальнейшего изучения фармакологических свойств S. сoronatа с целью получения новых продуктов питания, биодобавок и фитопрепаратов, обогащенных биологически активными соединениями и необ­ходимых для жизнедеятельности человека

Purpose. To establish the biochemical composition of the above ground part of Serratula coronata L. (Crowned saw-wort) for introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. Methods. The object of research was the plants of S. coronata from the collection of the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. Plant raw material was evaluated in the flowering phase in the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Cultural Flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanic Gardens of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to the relevant methods during 2014–2016. Results. The results of the study of phytochemical features of S. coronata under conditions of introduction in the Central Polissia of Ukraine in the flowering phase are given. Quantitative content of raw material in dry matter, total sugars, carotene, ascorbic acid, tannins, fats, free acids, macroelements of phosphorus, calcium and trace elements of iron, copper, zinc, manganese was revealed. Conclusions. The biochemical composition of the above ground part of S. coronata was determined for the first time in the conditions of introduction in Central Polissia of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the dependence of the content of biochemical compounds and macroelements on age characteristics of plants were determined. Plants of S. coronata of the third year of life were distinguished by the highest content of ascorbic acid, carotene and dry matter; two-year – organic acids, phosphorus, ash, common sugars; the fourth year of life – the content of oil and calcium. Significant amounts of vitamin C and iron were found in the raw material. The obtained results testify to the prospect of further study of the pharmacological properties of S. coronata in order to obtain new food products, bio-additives and phytopreparations enriched with biologically active substances and essential for human life.

Purpose. To analyse the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances (VOS) in the petals of six species of dog-rose in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine for further bree­ding. Methods. Volatile organic substances were obtained by steam distillation. VOS was determined using gas chromato­graphy (Chromatograph Agilent Technologies 6890). Results. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances in the petals in such species as Rosa L. (R. roullettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.) was investigated. According to the results of the research, 105 VOS were discovered in the dog-rose petals, among which 11 were not identified. The dog-rose petals of identified VOC contained 16 components which share exceeds 5%, 31 – was ranging from 1% to 5%, 47 – was less than 1%. They belonged to different groups including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene alcohols, saturated unbranched hydrocarbons etc. The largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45), while the number of identified components in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31) and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. All studied dog-rose species were characterized by the presence of such saturated unbranched hydrocarbons as decan, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nanodecane, heneicosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, heptocosane, hentriacontane. Triterpene hydrocarbon squalene is the important component of the VOS complex in dog-rose pen tals. b-phenylethyl alcohol to be one of the main components of the rose essential oils was found during investigation in the following four dog-rose species as R. centifolia (0.61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3.56%), R. rugosa (4.24%), and R. multiflora (5.43%). Significant content of dihydro-b-ionol (18.46%), dihydro-b-ionone (0.69%), thias­piran A (1.35%), and thiaspiran B (2.17%) were revealed in the petals of R. roulettii, which also have an influence on the aromatic bouquet of the rose oil. Conclusions. For the first time, 105 volatile organic substances were found in the petals of six species of dog-rose, 11 of which were not identified. It was found out that the largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45). The number of VOS identified in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31), and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. Component composition of VOS in the petals of studied dog-rose species is an important constituent in breeding investigations of prospective producers for the various purposes of use.

Purpose. To analyse the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances (VOS) in the petals of six species of dog-rose in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine for further bree­ding. Methods. Volatile organic substances were obtained by steam distillation. VOS was determined using gas chromato­graphy (Chromatograph Agilent Technologies 6890). Results. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances in the petals in such species as Rosa L. (R. roullettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.) was investigated. According to the results of the research, 105 VOS were discovered in the dog-rose petals, among which 11 were not identified. The dog-rose petals of identified VOC contained 16 components which share exceeds 5%, 31 – was ranging from 1% to 5%, 47 – was less than 1%. They belonged to different groups including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene alcohols, saturated unbranched hydrocarbons etc. The largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45), while the number of identified components in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31) and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. All studied dog-rose species were characterized by the presence of such saturated unbranched hydrocarbons as decan, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nanodecane, heneicosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, heptocosane, hentriacontane. Triterpene hydrocarbon squalene is the important component of the VOS complex in dog-rose pen tals. b-phenylethyl alcohol to be one of the main components of the rose essential oils was found during investigation in the following four dog-rose species as R. centifolia (0.61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3.56%), R. rugosa (4.24%), and R. multiflora (5.43%). Significant content of dihydro-b-ionol (18.46%), dihydro-b-ionone (0.69%), thias­piran A (1.35%), and thiaspiran B (2.17%) were revealed in the petals of R. roulettii, which also have an influence on the aromatic bouquet of the rose oil. Conclusions. For the first time, 105 volatile organic substances were found in the petals of six species of dog-rose, 11 of which were not identified. It was found out that the largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45). The number of VOS identified in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31), and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. Component composition of VOS in the petals of studied dog-rose species is an important constituent in breeding investigations of prospective producers for the various purposes of use.

Analysis of oilseeds in Ukraine, including sunflower, soybean, winter and spring rape, mustard, linseed, sesame, spring false flax, safflower. Presented research-based elements of the technology of cultivation. Described seed of oilseeds. Named most promising varieties of these crops. Disclosed their productive and qualitative potential. The above varietal structure of oilseeds in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine for years. In order to ensure stable population of oil and food, which include oil, and for the implementation of programs related to soil fertility, scientifically grounded recommended area of oilseeds in Ukraine for 2013–2015 years, ha.

The article highlights current problems of cutting lettuce seed production for all its variants. Research background is provided to the composition of material expenditures for growing of every variant in particular. Economical efficiency of seed production in line with varietal certification requirements has been reproved.

100 rape varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection that have been grown in the different soil-climatic zones of the country were evaluated. The paper presents the results of study by their biochemical characteristics: content of protein, oil and its fatty acid composition. High-oil varieties of rape are identifi ed with high content of erucic acid in oil – for the technical purposes and those without or with its low content – for food industry.

Colltction of haricot bean has been analyzed for origin and varieties have been classified for their vegetative period duration, saccharide content and yielding capacity.

Мета. Визначити біохімічні показники якості вирощуваного у різних умовах насіння сортів ріпаку озимого.Методи. У процесі досліджень використовували лабораторний, розрахунковий і статистичний методи, для підготовки висновків – аналізу та синтезу.Результати. За результатами лабораторних досліджень визначили біохімічні показники якості вирощуваного в різних умовах насіння сортів ріпаку озимого типу розвитку, а саме: вміст олії, «сирого протеїну» та глюкозинолатів. Значний вплив на показники якості насіння мають метеорологічні умови впродовж вегетаційного періоду рослин відповідної ґрунтово-кліматичної зони. Встановлено, що у 2022 р. біохімічні показники насіння ріпаку озимого були вищими ніж у 2020 р. Зростання урожайності на 1,6 т/га у зоні Степу, 1,1 т/га – Лісостепу, 1,4 т/га – Полісся забезпечило підвищення вмісту олії на 2,4, 6,6 та 6,7% відповідно. Збори олії з гектара збільшилися на 0,74 т/га у зонах Степу та Полісся, 0,62 т/га – Лісостепу.  У 2022 р., порівнюючи з 2020, спостерігали зниження показника «сирого протеїну»: на 3,1% у зоні Степу, 5,8% – Лісостепу та 5,0% – Полісся. На вміст глюкозинолатів впливали умови років досліджень у відповідних ґрунтово-кліматичних зонах. Степ і Лісостеп мали ідентичні показники – 0,7%, Полісся – 0,8%, тоді як у 2021 р. для зони Степу та Полісся вміст глюкозинолатів у насінні ріпаку був на 0,8 та 0,9% більшим, порівнюючи з показниками, отриманими в інші роки досліджень.Висновки. Встановлено, що в середньому за 2020–2022 рр. загальний вміст олії в насінні ріпаку становив 46,2% (Степ), 47,5% (Лісостеп) і 47,8% (Полісся); вміст «сирого протеїну» – 19,6% (Степ), 18,4% (Лісостеп) і 17,9% (Полісся); вміст глюкозинолатів – 0,7% (Степ та Лісостеп) і 0,8% (Полісся). Збір олії в зоні Степу мав показник 1,31 т/га, Лісостепу – 1,16 т/га, Полісся – 1,33 т/га. Збір білка з гектара становив 0,54 т/га для Степу, 0,44 т/га – Лісостепу та 0,48 т/га – Полісся. Умови вирощування за роки досліджень у відповідній зоні впливають на формування біохімічних показників насіння ріпаку озимого. | Purpose. To determine the biochemical indicators of seed quality of winter rape varieties grown under different conditions.Methods. During the research, the following methods were used: laboratory, calculation and statistical, to prepare conclusions – analysis and synthesis.Results. According to the results of laboratory studies, biochemical indicators of the quality of seeds of winter rape varieties, grown in different conditions, were established, namely: the content of oil, “crude protein” and glucosinolates. Meteorological conditions during the vegetation period of plants of the corresponding soil and climate zone have a significant influence on the quality indicators of seeds. Based on the results of the research, it was established that in 2022, compared to 2020, the biochemical indicators of winter rapeseed were higher. The increase in yield by 1.6 t/ha in the Steppe zone, 1.1 t/ha – Forest-Steppe, 1.4 t/ha – Polissia ensured an increase in oil content by 2.4% – Steppe, 6.6% – Forest-Steppe, 6.7% – Polissia and oil collection per hectare by 0.74 t/ha – Steppe and Polissia, 0.62 t/ha – Forest-Steppe. For the content of “crude protein”, a decrease in the index was observed, namely: by 3.1% in the Steppe zone, 5.8% in the Forest-Steppe and 5.0% in the Polissia in 2022 compared to 2020. Meteorological conditions of the research years in the corresponding soil and climatic zones had an influence on the content of glucosinolates. For the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, the indicators were identical and amounted to 0.7%, 0.8% (Polissia), while in 2021, for the Steppe and Polissia zones, the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed was 0.8% and 0.9% more, compared to the indicators obtained in other years of research.Conclusions. It was established that, on average, for 2020–2022, the total oil content in seeds of rape was 46.2% – Steppe, 47.5% – Forest-Steppe, 47.8% – Polissia; “crude protein” content – 19.6% – Steppe, 18.4% – Forest-Steppe, 17.9% – Polissia; the content of glucosinolates was 0.7% in the Steppe and Forest-steppe zones, 0.8% in the Polissia; oil collection in the Steppe zone 1.31 t/ha, Forest-Steppe – 1.16 t/ha, Polissia – 1.33 t/ha; protein collection per hectare is 0.54 t/ha in Steppe, 0.44 t/ha in Forest-Steppe and 0.48% in Polissia. Growing conditions over the years of research in the corresponding zone affect the formation of biochemical indicators of winter rapeseed.

Gaining a greater understanding of the plant microbiota and its interactions with its host plant heralds a new era of scientific discovery in agriculture. Different agricultural management practices influence soil microbial populations by changing a soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties. However, the impact of these practices on the microbiota associated with economically important crops such as oilseed rape, are still understudied. In this work we investigated the impact of two contrasting crop establishment practices, conventional (plow based) and conservation (strip–tillage) systems, on the microbiota inhabiting different plant microhabitats, namely rhizosphere, root and shoot, of winter oilseed rape under Irish agronomic conditions. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequence profiling showed that the plant associated microhabitats (root and shoot), are dominated by members of the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The root and shoot associated bacterial communities displayed markedly distinct profiles as a result of tillage practices. We observed a very limited ‘rhizosphere effect’ in the root zone of WOSR, i.e., there was little or no increase in bacterial community richness and abundance in the WOSR rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil. The two tillage systems investigated did not appear to lead to any major long term differences on the bulk soil or rhizosphere bacterial communities. Our data suggests that the WOSR root and shoot microbiota can be impacted by management practices and is an important mechanism that could allow us to understand how plants respond to different management practices and environments.

Purpose. Determine the main indicators of productivity and quality of seeds of spring rapeseed new varieties during their cultivation in different argoclimatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory. Field studies were carried out on the basis of the Branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination in the zones of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Steppe in 2015–2016. Results. The State Regis­ter of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine (the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine) as at 22 August 2019 contains 60 varieties of spring rapeseed, of which 42 (70.0%) are of foreign origin and 18 (30.0%) are Ukrainian cultivars. The maximum sown area in Ukraine occupied by spring rapeseed was about 68.3 thousand ha in 2018, which is twice as much as the area of 2013. In 2019, a dramatic decrease in sown area was observed. The productivity of the studied rapeseed varieties in 2015–2016 in the Steppe zone was on average 0.94–1.17 t/ha; Forest-steppe – 2.16–2.29; Polissia – 1.33–1.62. The yields of individual varieties exceeded 2.0 t/ha; they had a high content of oil and crude protein and a low content of erucic acid and glucosinolates in the seeds. The content of erucic acid did not exceed 0.1%, glucosinolates – 0.8%. Conclusions. The highest yield in the zones of Forest-Steppe and Polissia was observed from ‘DK 7160 KL’ variety – 2.28 t/ha and 1.62 t/ha, respectively. The maximum crude protein content in the steppe zone was found in ‘Aksana’ variety (26.6%), in the Forest-steppe zone – in ‘Bilder’ (25.4%,) in the Polissia zone – in ‘Sander’ (24.9%). High oil content in seeds in the Steppe zone was in varieties ‘Bilder’ (45.0%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (45.2%), in the Forest-Steppe – in ‘Sander’ (46.5%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (46.6%); in Polissia – in ‘DK 7160 KL’ (47.1%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (46.8%). The minimum content of erucic acid in the seeds of spring rapeseed in the Steppe was in the varieties ‘Aksana’ and ‘DK 7150 KL’, in the Forest-Steppe – ‘GK 7160 KL’, ‘CLICK KL’, ‘DK 7155 KL’ and in the Polissia zone – ‘DK 7160 KL’ and ‘DK 7150 KL’.

Purpose. Determine the main indicators of productivity and quality of seeds of spring rapeseed new varieties during their cultivation in different argoclimatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory. Field studies were carried out on the basis of the Branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination in the zones of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Steppe in 2015–2016. Results. The State Regis­ter of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine (the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine) as at 22 August 2019 contains 60 varieties of spring rapeseed, of which 42 (70.0%) are of foreign origin and 18 (30.0%) are Ukrainian cultivars. The maximum sown area in Ukraine occupied by spring rapeseed was about 68.3 thousand ha in 2018, which is twice as much as the area of 2013. In 2019, a dramatic decrease in sown area was observed. The productivity of the studied rapeseed varieties in 2015–2016 in the Steppe zone was on average 0.94–1.17 t/ha; Forest-steppe – 2.16–2.29; Polissia – 1.33–1.62. The yields of individual varieties exceeded 2.0 t/ha; they had a high content of oil and crude protein and a low content of erucic acid and glucosinolates in the seeds. The content of erucic acid did not exceed 0.1%, glucosinolates – 0.8%. Conclusions. The highest yield in the zones of Forest-Steppe and Polissia was observed from ‘DK 7160 KL’ variety – 2.28 t/ha and 1.62 t/ha, respectively. The maximum crude protein content in the steppe zone was found in ‘Aksana’ variety (26.6%), in the Forest-steppe zone – in ‘Bilder’ (25.4%,) in the Polissia zone – in ‘Sander’ (24.9%). High oil content in seeds in the Steppe zone was in varieties ‘Bilder’ (45.0%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (45.2%), in the Forest-Steppe – in ‘Sander’ (46.5%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (46.6%); in Polissia – in ‘DK 7160 KL’ (47.1%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (46.8%). The minimum content of erucic acid in the seeds of spring rapeseed in the Steppe was in the varieties ‘Aksana’ and ‘DK 7150 KL’, in the Forest-Steppe – ‘GK 7160 KL’, ‘CLICK KL’, ‘DK 7155 KL’ and in the Polissia zone – ‘DK 7160 KL’ and ‘DK 7150 KL’.

Purpose. Determine the main indicators of productivity and quality of seeds of spring rapeseed new varieties during their cultivation in different argoclimatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory. Field studies were carried out on the basis of the Branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination in the zones of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Steppe in 2015–2016. Results. The State Regis­ter of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine (the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine) as at 22 August 2019 contains 60 varieties of spring rapeseed, of which 42 (70.0%) are of foreign origin and 18 (30.0%) are Ukrainian cultivars. The maximum sown area in Ukraine occupied by spring rapeseed was about 68.3 thousand ha in 2018, which is twice as much as the area of 2013. In 2019, a dramatic decrease in sown area was observed. The productivity of the studied rapeseed varieties in 2015–2016 in the Steppe zone was on average 0.94–1.17 t/ha; Forest-steppe – 2.16–2.29; Polissia – 1.33–1.62. The yields of individual varieties exceeded 2.0 t/ha; they had a high content of oil and crude protein and a low content of erucic acid and glucosinolates in the seeds. The content of erucic acid did not exceed 0.1%, glucosinolates – 0.8%. Conclusions. The highest yield in the zones of Forest-Steppe and Polissia was observed from ‘DK 7160 KL’ variety – 2.28 t/ha and 1.62 t/ha, respectively. The maximum crude protein content in the steppe zone was found in ‘Aksana’ variety (26.6%), in the Forest-steppe zone – in ‘Bilder’ (25.4%,) in the Polissia zone – in ‘Sander’ (24.9%). High oil content in seeds in the Steppe zone was in varieties ‘Bilder’ (45.0%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (45.2%), in the Forest-Steppe – in ‘Sander’ (46.5%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (46.6%); in Polissia – in ‘DK 7160 KL’ (47.1%) and ‘DK 7155 KL’ (46.8%). The minimum content of erucic acid in the seeds of spring rapeseed in the Steppe was in the varieties ‘Aksana’ and ‘DK 7150 KL’, in the Forest-Steppe – ‘GK 7160 KL’, ‘CLICK KL’, ‘DK 7155 KL’ and in the Polissia zone – ‘DK 7160 KL’ and ‘DK 7150 KL’. | Мета. Визначити основні показники продуктивності та якості насіння нових сортів ріпаку ярого за вирощування їх у різних аргокліматичних зонах України. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний. Польові дослідження проводили на базі Філій Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин у 2015–2016 рр. в зоні Полісся, Лісостепу та Степу. Результати. У Державному реєстрі сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні (Реєстр сортів рослин України) станом на 22.08.2019 р. міститься 60 сортів ріпаку ярого типу розвитку, з яких 42 (70,0%) – іноземної селекції та 18 (30,0%) – вітчизняної селекції. Максимальна посівна площа в Україні зайнята ріпаком ярим була в 2018 році на рівні 68,3 тис. га, що вдвічі більше площ 2013 року. У 2019 році спостерігалось кардинальне зниження посівних площ. Урожайність досліджуваних сортів ріпаку за 2015–2016 рр. у зоні Степу була в середньому 0,94–1,17 т/га; Лісостепу – 2,16–2,29; Поліссі – 1,33–1,62. Урожайність окремих сортів перевищувала 2,0 т/га, вони мали високий вміст олії та сирого протеїну і низький вміст ерукової кислоти та глюкозинолатів у насінні. Вміст ерукової кислоти не перевищував 0,1%, глюкозинолатів – 0,8%. Висновки. Максимальна урожайність у зонах Лісостепу і Полісся була в сорту ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’ – 2,28 т/га та 1,62 т/га відповідно. Максимальний вміст сирого протеїну в Степовій зоні встановлено в сорту ‘Аксана’ – 26,6%, у зоні Лісостепу в ‘Білдер’ – 25,4%, у зоні Полісся в ‘Сандер’ – 24,9%. Високий вміст олії в насінні в зоні Степу формували сорти: ‘Білдер’ – 45,0% та ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ – 45,2%, у Лісостепу ‘Сандер’ – 46,5% та ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ – 46,6%; у Поліссі ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’ – 47,1% та ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ – 46,8%. Мінімальний вміст ерукової кислоти в насінні ріпаку ярого у Степу був у сортів – ‘Аксана’, ‘ДК 7150 КЛ’, у Лісостепу – ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’, ‘КЛІК КЛ’, ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ та в зоні Полісся – ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’, ‘ДК 7150 КЛ’. | Цель. Определить основные показатели продуктивности и качества семян новых сортов рапса ярового при выращивании их в разных аргоклиматических зонах Украины. Методы. Полевой, лабораторный. Полевые исследования проводили на базе Филиалов Украинского института экспертизы сортов растений в 2015–2016 гг. в зоне Полесья, Лесостепи и Степи. Результаты. В Государственном реестре сортов растений, пригодных для выращивания в Украине (Реестр сортов растений Украины) по состоянию на 22.08.2019 г. содержится 60 сортов рапса ярового типа развития, из которых 42 (70,0%) – иностранной селекции и 18 (30,0%) – отечественной селекции. Максимальная посевная площадь в Украине, занятая рапсом яровым, была в 2018 году на уровне 68,3 тыс. га, что вдвое больше площадей 2013 года. В 2019 году наб­людалось кардинальное снижение посевных площадей. Урожайность изучаемых сортов рапса в 2015–2016 гг. в зоне Степи была в среднем 0,94–1,17 т/га, Лесостепи – 2,16–2,29, Полесье – 1,33–1,62. Урожайность отдельных сортов превышала 2,0 т/га, они имели высокое содержание масла и сырого протеина и низкое содержание эруковой кислоты и глюкозинолатов в семенах. Содержание эруковой кислоты не превышало 0,1%, глюкозинолатов – 0,8%. Выводы. Максимальная урожайность в зоне Лесостепи и Полесья была у сорта ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’ – 2,28 и 1,62 т/га соответственно. Максимальное содержание сырого протеина в Степной зоне установлено у сорта ‘Аксана’ – 26,6%, в зоне Лесостепи –‘Билдер’ – 25,4%, в зоне Полесья – ‘Сандер’ – 24,9%. Высокое содержание масла в семенах в зоне Степи формировали сорта: ‘Билдер’ – 45,0% и ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ – 45,2%, в Лесостепи ‘Сандер’ – 46,5% и ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ – 46,6%, в Полесье ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’ – 47,1% и ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ – 46,8%. Минимальное содержание эруковой кислоты в семенах рапса ярового в Степи было у сортов: ‘Аксана’, ‘ДК 7150 КЛ’, в Лесостепи: ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’, ‘КЛИК КЛ’, ‘ДК 7155 КЛ’ и в зоне Полесья: ‘ДК 7160 КЛ’, ‘ДК 7150 КЛ’.