This research was conducted to determine the presence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) that can cause infection in rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in Konya province. For this purpose, field and laboratory studies were carried out in areas where roses are mostly grown for landscaping purposes, and infection rates were calculated with the data obtained. The hypothesis of the study is that roses in Konya province may be infected with PNRSV and ApMV and the presence of these viruses can be determined. In line with this hypothesis, various rose growing areas in Konya province were selected as the research area. During the field studies in 2023, guided sampling was carried out and 94 leaf, branch and flower samples were collected from different rose varieties. The collected samples were tested for determining of PNRSV and ApMV infections by Double Antibody Sandwich (DAS) ELISA method, which is one of the serological testing methods in the laboratory. As a result of the tests, it was revealed that the single infections of PNRSV and ApMV were present in 12 and 11 samples of rose plants in Konya province. The total infection rate of both viruses in the province was calculated as 24.47%. Also, PNRSV+ApMV mixed infections were detected in 2 samples. In this study, the infections of PNRSV and ApMV on roses in Konya province were determined for the first time by serological methods. These results will serve as an important source of information for rose producers and agricultural engineers in the region and will allow the development of strategies to control the spread of viruses and minimize infections.

Haugh unit which introduced by Raymond haugh in 1937 is the most scale used to measure the egg quality by equation ( HU= 100*Log (h+7.57)-(1.7 * W 0.37 ) .The aim of this research is to find the prediction equation of the Haugh unit depending on egg weight and albumen height, where we calculate 1503101 value of Haugh unit using microsoft Excel spreadsheet functions and data of egg weight ranged from 40 to 65 gm by increment (0.01) gm , and albumen height from 4 to 10 mm by increment (0.01)mm . The results indicates that there was a significant positive correlation between haugh unit and albumen height (0.969) and negative correlation between haugh unit and egg weight (-0.215), and the ANOVA table show high significant effect of regression model (P ≤ 0.0001) with coefficient of determination R2 (0.985) which indicate that the prediction equation (HU = 58.235-0.334 W+6.256 A) can predict haugh unit with high accuracy.

The effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection on growth and P nutrition in Maize (Zea mays, cv.DDH hybrid) were assessed in Oxisol pot experiment. Maize was grown inoculated with spores of VAM fungi Glomus mosseae or non-inoculated. Low soluble ferrous phosphate (FePO4.4H2O) was added to the mycorrhized and non-micrrohized maized. The dry weight of mycorrhized plants with added phosphate (P) were higher than in mycorrhized plants without added P or non-mycorrhized plants with added P. The amount of P in the soil samples from pots with mycorrhizal plants fertilized with P was evidently smaller than those in samples also fertilized non-mycorrhizal plants. The percentage of P was higher in tissues of fertilized mycorrhial plants than in those mycorrihzed plants without or nonmycorrhized plants with added low-soluble P. These results indicated that plants in VAM symbiosis mobilize P better from low-soluble P than non-mycorrhized plants. | En condiciones de casa de malla se evaluó el efecto de la infestación con micorrizas vesículo arbusculares (VAM) en la asimilación de P por plantas de maíz (Zea mays, cv.DDH hybrid) cultivadas en un Oxisol. Como micorriza se utilizó el hongo Glomus mosseae. En ambos tratamientos (con micorriza y sin ella) se aplicó fosfato ferroso (FePO4.4H2O). La producción de MS de maíz fue mayor cuando se aplicaron el hongo + la fuente de P. La cantidad de P en el suelo con este tratamiento fue menor que en el suelo fertilizado pero sin aplicación del hongo. En las hojas de las plantas las mayores concentraciones de P se observaron igualmente en el tratamiento micorriza + aplicación de fertilizante.

The effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection on growth and P nutrition in Maize (Zea mays, cv.DDH hybrid) were assessed in Oxisol pot experiment. Maize was grown inoculated with spores of VAM fungi Glomus mosseae or non-inoculated. Low soluble ferrous phosphate (FePO4.4H2O) was added to the mycorrhized and non-micrrohized maized. The dry weight of mycorrhized plants with added phosphate (P) were higher than in mycorrhized plants without added P or non-mycorrhized plants with added P. The amount of P in the soil samples from pots with mycorrhizal plants fertilized with P was evidently smaller than those in samples also fertilized non-mycorrhizal plants. The percentage of P was higher in tissues of fertilized mycorrhial plants than in those mycorrihzed plants without or nonmycorrhized plants with added low-soluble P. These results indicated that plants in VAM symbiosis mobilize P better from low-soluble P than non-mycorrhized plants.

The global dilemma of waste management and food scarcity require novel solutions that fulfill both environmental concerns and nutritional requirements. To address these significant problems in a sustainable manner, this research investigates the possibility of producing single cell protein (SCP) from sugarcane bagasse, an abundant industrial waste product in the presence of Aspergillus niger strain. The production of SCP was further optimized by inducing variations in Physico-chemical properties to increase the protein yield. These parameters include temperature, pH, fermentation time, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources. The results of this study revealed that A. niger showed maximum production of biomass (24.0±0.02%) at the temperature of 25°C after 7 days of incubation time with the pH adjusted to 5. In conclusion, this multidisciplinary strategy emphasizes how essential biotechnology is to be advancing the idea of how sugarcane bagasse could potentially be used as a beneficial asset to help feed the world's expanding population.

Considering the plant richness of Chapada do Araripe, Brazil, the pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm) extractivism occurs as an important activity that affects the economy and social life of the main cities of Cearense Cariri, although there is little knowledge about its current situation and sustainability perspective. The aim of this work is to collect information regarding actor relationships involved in the pequi extractive activity, relating them to the sustainability dimensions. This study was carried in the Barreiro Novo camping site, located in the state highway CE 060 in the Jardim-Ce municipality. Semistructured questionnaires were used with pequi collectors to establish a socioeconomic profile, besides using the participant observation method, pictures and content analysis in order to relate and identify the sustainability in this environment. Extractivism activity in the Chapada do Araripe region is something cultural, which has a special vision towards environmental issues that generates income for extrastivist families. However, the region needs policies for improving social conditions (water and sanitation in the camping site) and keeping the tradition without missing the environmental perspective. | En Chapada do Araripe, región del Brazil con una gran riqueza vegetal, el extractivismo del pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm) es una importante actividad que abarca la economía y la vida social de las principales ciudades del Cariri Cearense. Sin embargo, aún existe poco conocimiento sobre su situación actual y perspectiva de sostenibilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es recoger información sobre la relación de los actores involucrados en la actividad extractivista del pequi, y relacionarlos con dimensiones de sostenibilidad. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el Campamento Barreiro Novo, localizado en la ruta estatal CE 060 en el municipio de Jardim-Ce. Se aplicaron cuestionarios semi-estructurados a los recolectores de pequi para formar un perfil socioeconómico, además de utilizar el método de la observación participativa, fotos y análisis de contenido como forma de relacionar e identificar las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad introducidas en ese ambiente. La actividad extractivista del pequi en la región de Chapada do Araripe es algo cultural que posee una visión especial en relación al enfoque ambiental y que genera ingresos para las familias que la practican. Sin embargo, la misma precisa de políticas para mejorar las condiciones sociales (agua y saneamiento en el campamento) y para preservar la tradición sin perder el punto de vista ambiental.

This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional profiles of three cauliflower cultivars—Valentena, Carotena, and Snow White—focusing on chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity. Uniform curds were harvested at 60 days post-sowing from Baratia, Dumuria, Khulna, and analyzed at Khulna Agricultural University. Valentena exhibited the highest chlorophyll content (40.06±0.39 µg/100g FW chlorophyll a, 28.98±3.35 µg/100g FW chlorophyll b), superior lycopene (8.71±0.38 µg/100g FW) levels. Carotena showed the highest total carotenoid content (60.52±1.76 µg/100g FW) and β-carotene (26.99±0.44 µg/100g FW), while Snow White had the lowest values across most parameters. Valentena also led in anthocyanins (101.56±3.9 mg/L FW) and total flavonoids (79.56±10.36 mg/100g FW), with Carotena having the highest vitamin C content (60.05±2.93 µg/g FW). DPPH assays indicated that Valentena showed the most effective antioxidant (IC50 = 43.65±3.56 mg/mL FW), followed by Carotena and Snow White. Hierarchical clustering and pricipal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct biochemical profiles: Valentena and Carotena shared similarities in carotenoids and antioxidant activity, whereas Snow White differed significantly. Linear discriminant analysis identified lycopene, chlorophyll b, and β-carotene as major differentiators, highlighting the diverse nutritional and antioxidant properties of these cauliflower varieties. The findings highlight the potential of Carotena and Valentena for health-conscious consumers seeking nutrient-rich, antioxidant benefits in functional meals.

While shellfish species are widely consumed due to their nutritional advantages, they are also among the top eight food items for food-borne allergies. Five distinct thermal processing techniques were applied to the crustacean to investigate the tropomyosin level variations caused by heat processing. Fresh shrimp and prawns were utilized as controls for the determination of allergen-encoding genes. Prior to molecular analysis, the proximate composition and acidity of raw and processed samples were also performed. The yield and purity of DNA were also determined. Melting curve and gel electrophoresis tests verified the existence of allergen-coding genes. Thermal processing procedures affected the proximate composition, particularly the total protein and fat concentrations, according to the findings. Following the heat treatment, the pH levels decreased, particularly in the grilled samples. There were also significant differences in the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA. Regardless of crustacean species, the tropomyosin-encoding gene was detected in both fried and grilled samples. These findings demonstrated that RT-PCR identification and validation of the crustacean allergy gene by gel electrophoresis might be a reliable approach for the thermally treated shrimp and prawn samples. This study shows that investigating the allergen coding gene might provide a viable way for detecting food-borne allergens in other thermally processed food items, which are becoming more concerned about food safety.

En un invernadero del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT, Cali (Colombia) se evaluó la aplicación de cinco inóculos de hongos micorrícico arbusculares, HMA: Kuklospora colombiana, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus manihotis y la mezcla de estos con y sin esterilización, en sustrato sin desinfectar (SD) y desinfectado (D) sobre variables de rendimiento (biomasa aérea y radical, longitud radical), colonización por HMA y concentración foliar de nutrientes en la gramínea Melinis minutiflora Beauv., con el objetivo de seleccionar los inóculos más eficientes. Se utilizaron como unidades experimentales materos de 13.5 x 16.0 x 14.0 cm. El sustrato empleado fue suelo procedente de un Inceptisol con baja disponibilidad de nutrientes, tamizado y mezclado con arena. Los inóculos de Gi. margarita y Gl. manihotis presentaron los mejores resultados en la acumulación de biomasa aérea y radical, longitud radical, porcentaje de colonización micorrícica y concentración de elementos. Kuklospora colombiana presentó efectos inhibitorios sobre las variables evaluadas. La condición del sustrato SD favoreció la acumulación de biomasa aérea y radical y la concentración de fósforo (P) en la biomasa aérea, además, estimuló la longitud radical de M. minutiflora. La concentración de N, K, Ca y Mg en la biomasa aérea fue mayor en el sustrato D. Los resultados muestran que Mellinis minutiflora con inoculación HMA es promisoria para la recuperación de suelos degradados. | The effect of five inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the grass Melinis minutiflora Beauv. was investigated under greenhouse conditions at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, with the aim of selecting the most efficient AMF inocula. Non-disinfected (ND) and disinfected (D) substrates were studied. Inocula were: Kuklospora colombiana, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus manihotis and a mixture of those three species of AMF with and without sterilization. Yield parameters were aerial and radical biomass, root length, mycorrhizal colonization and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in the aerial biomass. Pots measuring 13.5 x 8.0 x 14.0 cm were used as experimental units. Inceptisol soil, with low nutrient availability, previously sieved and mixed with sand was used as substrate. Gi. margarita and Gl. manihotis inocula showed the best results in the accumulation of aerial and root biomass, root length, mycorrhizal colonization and concentration of elements in the aerial biomass, while Ku. colombiana presented inhibitory effects on the variables evaluated. ND substrate condition increased accumulation of aerial and radical biomass and P concentration in the aerial biomass, also stimulated root length of M. minutiflora. Aerial biomass had higher concentrations of N, K, Ca, and Mg in D substrate. Mellinis minutiflora is a promising grass species for rehabilitation of degraded soils in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation.