The goal research was to determine biological needs for the major plant nutrients N, P2O5, and K2O in winter wheat based on substantial use of fertilizers and capability of plants to utilize these mineral elements at definite periods of plant growth, as well as to find optimal ratio among these elements for diverse winter wheat varieties. Most of needed plant nutrient elements N, P2O5, K2= were removed by plants during early growth, and further uptake of these nutrient elements declined with plant growth. There was no essential difference in the proportion of the major nutrient elements among crop varieties. Diverse winter wheat varieties under different fertilizer treatments essentially affected leaf N concentration. Plant growth stages affected the distribution of all major plant nutrient elements among leaves, stems and ears except for P2O5 concentration in ears. Close correlation exist among plant nutrient elements in leaves and stems, as well as in leaves and ears of winter wheat

The nutrient utilization and fertilizer response of wheat varieties with different genotypes has been studied in long-term small-plot experiments on chernozem soil for more than two decades. In the growth season of 1999/2000 14 older and newer wheat varieties were extensively tested under the given meteorological conditions.

A brief history on consumption, nutrient content, varieties, selection, recipes and menu ideas are included in this article on peaches.

Lema, M., Felix, A., Salako, S., Cebert, E. and Bishnoi. U. 2001. Nutrient content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silages made from various grain sorghum cultivars. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 19: 129-136. In the tropics, gram sorghum is an important grain and forage crop. Silages made from eleven grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties were studied to determine the effect of grain sorghum variety on nutrient content and in vitro dry matter-digestibility (IVDMD). Results from silage analysis revealed significant (P0.05) varietal differences in crude protein (CP), Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, gross energy (GE), ash, neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose, hemicellulose contents and IVDMD among grain sorghum varieties.

Avaliaram-se dez variedades locais e melhoradas de milho (Zea mays L.) a fim de verificar sua eficiência ao fósforo (P) em solução nutritiva e em campo. Em solução nutritiva, o experimento foi realizado no Instituto Agronômico, Campinas (SP), durante 1995-1996; o delineamento adotado foi o de em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos, dispostos em fatorial, constituíram-se de três concentrações de P (0,0645; 0,129 e 0,258 mmol.L-1) e dez variedades de milho. Em campo, o experimento foi instalado na Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Seropédica (RJ), durante 1998-1999, em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, utilizando-se a dose de 44 kg.ha-1 de P (100 kg.ha-1 de P2O5) e as mesmas variedades de milho utilizadas em solução nutritiva: Caiano de Sobrália, Carioca, Antigo Maya, Catetão, Pedra Dourada, Nitrodente, Sol da Manhã (BRS Sol da Manhã), BR 105, BR 106 e BR 107. Determinaram-se a produção de matéria seca e/ou de grãos, conteúdo de P e índices de eficiência nas plantas de ambos os experimentos. As variedades Nitrodente e BR 106 acumularam mais matéria seca na parte aérea em solução nutritiva e apresentaram maiores produções de grãos e índices de eficiência em campo. Catetão, a menos produtiva em campo, mostrou uma das menores produções de matéria seca da parte aérea e de raízes em solução nutritiva. Os resultados para Pedra Dourada, BR 105, BR 107, Antigo Maya e Sol da Manhã foram intermediários e, também, comparáveis entre os ensaios de campo e em solução nutritiva. Foram exceções as variedades Carioca e Caiano, com as menores produções de matéria seca em solução nutritiva e as mais produtivas em campo. | Local and improved corn varieties were evaluated to phosphorus (P) efficiency in nutrient solution and field. In nutrient solution, the experiment was set up at Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, during 1995-1996, in a randomized complete block design, with 5 replicates, in a factorial with three P concentrations (0.0645; 0.129 e 0.258 mmol.L-1) and ten maize varieties. In the field, the experiment was set up at the research center of Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, during 1998-1999, using a randomized complete block design, with 6 replicates, and 44 kg.ha-1 of P (100 kg.ha-1 of P2O5). The varieties used were Caiano de Sobrália, Carioca, Antigo Maya, Catetão, Pedra Dourada, Nitrodente, Sol da Manhã (BRS Sol da Manhã), BR 105, BR 106 and BR 107. Dry matter and, or grain yield, P content and P efficiency index were determined in plants of both experiments. The varieties Nitrodente and BR 106 showed the highest shoot dry matter in nutrient solution and the highest grain yield and efficiency index at field conditions. Catetão, with the lowest grain yield in field, showed also low shoot and root dry matter production in nutrient solution. The results in field and nutrient solution were also comparable for Pedra Dourada, BR 105, BR 107, Antigo Maya and Sol da Manhã (intermediary production). The exceptions were the varieties Carioca and Caiano, with inferior performance in nutrient solution and high grain yields in the field.

This abstract discusses soils in various parts of the world, specifically Africa, Latin and South America, and Asia. It discusses soil nutrient depletion and its causes, and consequently the types of varieties that grow well in the different soil types.

The evolution of nutrient concentrations in different developmental stages were determined by Weenden analysis in 8 grass and 3 clover varieties produced on two localities in the Czech Republic. The fiber concentration increased, while the NEL concentration and the ratio between PDIE and PDIN concentrations decreased during the plant growth.

Field trials were conducted in 1993-1995 wet seasons to evaluate the influence of artificial inoculation of plots with the seeds of Alectra vogelii on the grain yield, yield components and nutrient composition of 16 cowpea varieties. This include 11 resistant varieties: IT81D-985, IT81D-994, IT89KD-245-1, TN93-80, TN121-80, IT90K-76, IT90K-59, IT86D-534, IT86D-843, B301 and IT89KD-245, two tolerant varieties: KANO 1696 and VITA 3 and three susceptible varieties: SAMPEA 7, TVX 3236 and IT82D-849. Alectra inoculation reduced the pod number and weight and grain yield of all the cowpea varieties in the late planted crop. Alectra infestation resulted in higher reduction of grain yield, yield components and grain total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) content in most of the late than early planted cowpea varieties in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In the early planted trial in 1994, the grain yield of the resistant varieties such as IT81D-985, IT81D-994, IT86D-843, IT90K-76, IT90K-59, TN93-80, B301, IT86D-534 and TN121-80 was increased while that of VITA 3, TVX 3236, SAMPEA 7 and IT82D-849 was reduced. Generally, the grain TSC content of the resistant cowpea varieties that had increased grain yield was reduced but that of the susceptible varieties with reduced grain yield was increased in the early-planted trial in 1994. Alectra infestation generally resulted in low percentage increase in the grain protein content of most of the cowpea varieties in the two trials, with greater increase in the late than in the early-planted crop.

The aim of grassland regeneration in the Czech Republic is to improve the production and quality of degraded pastures. The technology of regeneration is now well established, more attention is given to the botanical composition of the species designed for the regeneration in order to obtain grasslands with performant, quality and stable vegetation. The quality of grasses includes also nutrient and energy concentrations and palatability. After 4-5 years when clover species become less abundant, it is useful to improve the vegetation by sowing mixtures of clover and grasses. Suitable species and varieties for grassland regeneration are listed in the National Book of Varieties.

The relationship between bulb shape and fresh-weight were examined in 6-17 phenologically different onion varieties over a period of three consecutive years (1997-2000). Cultivars which are recommended for production in different agricultural areas of Southwestem Japan, were classified according to their maturity in early, midearly and late varieties were examined. Onion bulb shape, expressed as the proportionality existent between the diameter and height, was found to be lower in the early local varieties, such as Kaizuka-wase (1.8 =+- 0.04) and Shizuoka-wase (1.8 =+- 0.03), thus reflecting their flattened form. In the later varieties, such as Osakamaru and Yamaguchi-kodaka, the value was 1.1 =+- 0.02, demonstrating 'their complete globular shape. Conversely, for the F1 varieties Apollo, Advance and OL, the ratio value was higher (1.3 =+- 0.05) and was lower for Momiji (1.0 =+- 0.01). In general, they presented less oblateness than the local varieties. Amongst the local varieties, the highest bulb weights recorded were 365. 8 and 356. 9 g / bulb for Awajichyukou and Sensyu-nakate, respectively, while the remaining five cultivars weighed less than 300 g each. In contrast, with the exception of Momiji, all F1 hybrids registered weight values superior to 300 g, beginning with Advance that yielded 470 g. Significant varieties x year interactions were detected for all morphological traits, suggesting that phenotypic yield stability of a particular variety might be affected by the nutrient application schedule over the years. Modest fertilization reduction during the third year of cultivation may have been responsible for the observed lower values in morphological traits.