对从法国引进的7个春播啤酒大麦品种,进行了生育时期及产量相关性状的鉴定与评价,旨在筛选适宜河北保定地区种植的优良啤酒大麦品种,并为育种改良提供种质来源。结果表明:7个外引品种在产量水平上存在显著差异,其中SB1和SB3品种表现生育期较短、分蘖能力强、成穗率高、产量高及抗倒伏性能好等特点,适宜在该地区种植,且具有可直接利用于生产的可能性。此外,7个引进品种的产量性状遗传基础较为丰富,可作为种质材料利用。

1991年从哥伦比亚国际热带农业研究中心(CIAT)引入6095刚果臂形草(Brachiaria ruziziensisG.et E.CIAT6095),1992-1993年在网室和田间进行生态适应性观测,1994-1996年进行品种比较试验,1999-2004年进行区域试验,1999-2005年在海南、云南和福建进行生产试验。结果表明:热研15号刚果臂形草产草量达209865.83 kg/hm2.a,极显著(P0.01)高于热研6号珊状臂形草(B.brizanthacv.Reyan 6)54.43%,高于热研3号俯仰臂形草(B.decumbenscv.Reyan 3)43.76%;热研15号刚果臂形草喜湿润热带气候,适宜在海拔1000~2000 m,年降水1000 mm以上的热带、亚热带地区生长,具有良好的耐旱能力,在pH4.5~5.0和极端贫瘠的土壤具有良好的持久性和丰产性;适于建植高产、优质、耐久的放牧型草地;固土护坡能力强,适于作水土保持的先锋草种。

为通过控制施氮量来实现高肥力条件下小麦的高产、高效、安全生产提供依据,以冬小麦品种‘藁8901’为材料,研究了高肥力条件下不同施氮水平对小麦氮素吸收利用、籽粒产量和土壤中硝态氮含量的影响。试验结果表明:在高肥力条件下,随着施氮量的增加,冬小麦的籽粒产量和植株吸氮量均是先增加后降低,籽粒产量和植株吸氮量均以N150最高,氮素生产力则以N0最高。在冬小麦的拔节期和成熟期,土壤NO3-N含量均随着施氮量的增加而增加,减少氮肥施入量能降低冬小麦拔节期和成熟期土壤0-100 cm土层中的硝态氮含量。施用氮肥能提高小麦拔节期和成熟期植株全氮积累量和土壤NO3-N积累量,但两者并非同步增加,土壤NO3-N积累量增加的幅度远远大于植株全氮积累量的增长幅度。在施氮量0-180 kg/hm2范围内时,植株全氮积累量有所增加,且土壤中硝态氮的积累量增加较为缓和;而在施氮量180 kg/hm2的基础上继续提高氮素用量,植株全氮积累量下降,而土壤硝态氮积累量却开始大幅度增加。据此综合考虑,冬小麦‘藁8901’的适宜施氮量应控制在150 kg/hm2左右。

冷害是冷敏感型果蔬产品在贮藏、包装和运输过程中经常发生的一种生理伤害。叙述活性氧代谢与采后果蔬冷害的关系,解析H2O2信号转导作用在采后果蔬冷害的发生中所起重要作用,对H2O2在采后果蔬冷害中的作用机制进行归纳,提出H2O2处理有望成为提高贮藏果蔬抗冷能力的新的御冷技术。

探明无压灌溉不同供水水平对作物根区土壤水分条件、番茄的形态指标、水分生理指标和光合生理指标及产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响。以东圣一号番茄为试验材料，在日光温室进行了灌溉试验研究，试验共设3个供水水平，压力水头分别为0、3和6cm，并采用DPS分析软件对数据进行了显著性分析。不同供水水平对番茄的生长发育及产量品质有显著的影响。6cm处理番茄产量最高，3cm处理次之，0cm处理最低；但番茄的水分利用效率却是0cm＞3cm＞6cm处理；0cm处理下番茄的糖酸比和可溶性蛋白含量最高，Vc含量降幅也不大；相对于0cm处理，6cm和3cm处理的Vc含量分别提高了19.2%和6.8%。根区局部控水无压地下灌溉能够满足番茄需水量，不同供水压力对番茄根区土壤水分、生理特性和产量影响不同，同时能够协调番茄糖酸之间的比例，提高番茄的糖酸比、可溶性蛋白含量和Vc含量，使番茄能更加美味可口，起到了以水调质的功效，值得在农业生产中推广。 | We meant to study the effects of different water elevations of non-pressure subirrigation on some indexes of tomato, including soil water status around crop rootzone, morphological indexes, physiological indexes, photosynthetic indexes, yield, quality and water use efficiency. With the matierials of No.1 DongSheng tomato, we did the irrigation experiment in the greenhouse, and made significant analysis on experiment data through the software of DPS. Different water elevations had significant influence on the growth, yield and quality of tomato. The yield of 6cm treatment was the highest, 3cm treatment was inferior to 6 cm treatment, 0cm treatment was the lowest. But the WUE was 0cm3cm6cm. The sugar/acid and soluble protein was the highest under the treatment of 0cm, and the content of Vc didn’t decrease very much. Compared to 0cm treatment, Vc content of 6 cm and 3 cm increased respectively by 19.2% and 6.8%. This irrigation methods can satisfy the needs of tomato growth, different water elevations have different influence on tomato soil water status around crop rootzone, physiological characteristics and yield. It also harmonized the percentage between sugar and acid, increased the content of soluble protein and Vc, and made tomato more delicious. The irrigation methods can improve the quality of tomato by water control, which is worth promoting in the agricultural production.

以生长在石灰性土壤上的鲜食葡萄(抗黄化品种红脸无核、玫瑰香，重度黄化品种藤稔、紫珍香)为试材，通过测定不同抗缺铁黄化葡萄不同叶位叶片的叶绿素、光合能力，统计植株坐果率，分析比较果实品质。结果表明，黄化对葡萄植株的生长、产量和品质造成严重的危害，主要表现在：葡萄植株发生重度黄化时，整个植株从下部到顶部逐渐出现轻度一中度一重度黄化叶片，植株生长缓慢；黄化叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)较正常植株显著下降。 黄化植株的绿叶、轻度、中度到重度黄化叶片叶绿素含量、Pn也显著递减；重度黄化植株紫珍香和藤稔坐果率极低，果粒大小和品质显著低于未黄化植株。

为了明确不同穗型粳稻产量形成的物质来源。以27个粳稻品种或品系为试材，对光合特性和干物质生产、分配及其与产量的关系进行了研究。齐穗期、灌浆期直立和半直立穗型品种的剑叶和倒2叶净光合速率高于弯穗型品种。齐穗期直立和半直立穗型品种的剑叶和倒2叶气孔导度大于弯穗型品种，但灌浆期各类品种气孔导度的差异变小。灌浆期细胞间隙CO2浓度比齐穗期有所增高，其中弯穗型品种增高幅度较大。齐穗期和成熟期细胞间隙CO2浓度与产量呈显著正相关。直立和半直立穗品种由于具有较强的光合效率和物质转运能力，干物质分配到穗部的比例较大，产量较高。 | To clarify the material sources to form grain yield of different pamick types of rice cultivars the experiment was performed. Using 27 cultivars as materials, the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production and distribution of different types of rice were analyzed. The results indicated that the net photosynthesis in flag leaf and second leaf from above of erect and semi-erect panicle cultivars was higher than that of curved panicle cultivars at the full heading and ripening stages. The stomata conductance of erect and semi-erect panicle cultivars was bigger than that of curved panicle varieties at the full heading stage. But the difference of stomata conductance among three types of cultivars turned to be small. Compared with full heading stage, the intercellur CO2 concentration of the plants increased at the filling stage. In which the increase for curved panicle cultivars was significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the intercellur CO2 concentration at full heading and filling stages and grain yield. The erect and semi-erect panicle cultivars could translate higher ratio of the matter to panicle and produce more grain yield because of their high photosynthesis efficiency and great transportation ability.

为了明确田间苹果黑星病菌致病力的分化情况，选取中国、英国、印度3个国家不同苹果产区的57株有代表性的苹果黑星病菌株,分别接种嘎啦、富士、秦冠3个寄主品种进行致病力测定。结果表明，不同菌株在相同寄主上能产生不同类型的病斑，其病斑大小、形状、颜色存在较大差异。同一菌株对不同寄主品种的致病力也存在较大差异。根据寄主对病菌的反应类型并结合病害严重度的聚类分析结果，可将57株苹果黑星病菌菌株划分为3个类群：强致病力Ⅰ型、中等致病力Ⅱ型、弱致病力Ⅲ型。 | In order to explicit the pathogenicity differentiation of Venturia inaequalis in fields, three apple cultivars were individually inoculated with 57 representative single spore isolates of Venturia inaequalis collected respectively from different apple producing areas in China, England and India. Results showed that there was obvious difference in pathogenicity among those tested isolates that could produce different types of disease spots in their size, shape and color on the same inoculation host. There was also obvious difference in pathogenicity even if different hosts were inoculated by the same spore isolates of Venturia inaequalis. Based on the host reaction and cluster analysis of disease severity, the 57 isolates of Venturia inaequalis could be divided into three categories: strong (pathotypeⅠ), intermediate (pathotype Ⅱ) and weak pathogenicity (pathotype Ⅲ) respectively.

在水培营养液中添加CuSO4,以上海青和五月慢2个常规小白菜品种为试材,研究了Cu胁迫对小白菜保护酶系统及其他相关抗性指标的影响.结果表明:Cu胁迫会破坏保护酶系统,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性明显上升,同时产生更多的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA),膜相对透性增加,膜的完整性遭到破坏,而SOD活性/MDA含量的降低说明了植株对外界胁迫自我调节能力的下降;作为渗透调节物质,叶片游离脯氨酸含量随外界Cu2+含量的升高显著增加.

为了选育鲁西黄牛肉用品系，结合鲁西黄牛肉用品系育种实际，经过系统分析，确定了鲁西黄牛肉用品系近期的育种目标性状和相应的选择性状，并采用差额法计算了各选择性状的边际效益。结果表明，鲁西黄牛肉用品系近期的育种目标性状有3类，分别为生长发育性状、胴体性状和繁殖性状，包括有周岁质量、育肥期日增质量、生长能力、胴体等级、屠宰率、初产年龄、产犊间隔和射精量8个选择性状。在预期的市场和生产条件下，对于上述各选择性状的边际效益分别为：5.71元/kg，0.90元/g，2.84元/kg，402.00元/级，60.30元/%，-3.52元/d，-6.16元/d，55.23元/mL；通过遗传标准差校正，3类性状中生长发育、胴体性状和繁殖性状的经济权重之比为_0.55∶_0.21∶0.24，近似于2∶1∶1。说明鲁西黄牛向肉用方向发展过程中，需要加强生长发育性状的选择力度，同时要兼顾胴体性状和繁殖性状的选择。 | In order to breed a beef line in Luxi cattle, breeding objective traits and selected traits were defined in the near future by systematic analysis according to real breeding condition of Luxi cattle in the paper. The marginal profit of breeding objective traits was calculated by WEU. The result showed that breeding objective traits were grouped into three kinds of traits: growth, carcass and reproduction, including eithgt economic traits which are yearing weight, feed gain, growth capacity carcass quality, age of first calving interval and ejaculate volume. In the situation of predicted market and productive condition, the marginal profits of eight objective traits were 5.71 yuan/kg, 0.90 yuan/g, 2.84 yuan/kg, 402.00 yuan/grade, 60.30 yuan/%, -3.52 yuan/d, -6.16 yuan/d, 55.23 yuan/mL respectively. And the ratio of relative economic weights of three kinds of traits was 0.55∶0.21∶0.24 after standardization, similar to 2∶1∶1.It also showed completely that growth traits should be mainly strengthened to select for beef purpose direction, and that attention should be given to reproduction and carcass traits simultaneously.