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Water and food quality
1989
Hardman, T.M. (ed.)
The role of water in food quality decay
2006
Piazza, L.
The impact of water on food thermodynamics and physics and, therefore, on its quality is more important than the one of any other food chemical component. When fundamentals of chemical kinetics are applied, the rates of the reactions responsible of food quality decay can be described as a function of food composition and of other external elements interacting with foods. Among them, water activity and water content have been widely used to determine the role of water in the kinetic reactions of deterioration. Recently, researchers have found limitations in using the water activity parameter. According to them, the role of water in foods can be better described by evaluating the role, in stability of the quality attributes, of the non-equilibrium states of amorphous food products. Following this approach, the dynamics of changes are described in kinetics terms and can be more efficiently predicted by the glass transition temperature more than by the water activity. The glass transition, which is a second order transition in amorphous materials from the glassy to the rubbery state, is primarily dependent on water, which is a plasticizer and is responsible for the physical state of multiphase systems (as foods are) together with temperature. The subject of the role of water in the decay of food quality is presented in this paper, according to the principles of food material science | L'impatto dell'acqua sulla termodinamica e sulla fisica dell'alimento e, quindi, sulla sua qualità è maggiore di quello di ogni altro componente chimico. Applicando principi fondamentali di cinetica chimica, le velocità delle reazioni responsabili del decadimento della qualità possono essere espresse in funzione della composizione e di fattori esterni al prodotto. L'attività dell'acqua o il contenuto in umidità sono stati ampiamente utilizzati per determinare il ruolo dell'acqua nelle reazioni cinetiche di degradazione. Scuole più recenti attribuiscono al concetto di attività dell'acqua alcune limitazioni: il ruolo dell'acqua negli alimenti è discusso in relazione allo stato di non-equilibrio dei prodotti alimentari amorfi nella stabilità degli attributi di qualità. Secondo questo approccio la dinamica dei cambiamenti è descritta in termini cinetici e può essere efficacemente predetta dalla temperatura di transizione vetrosa, più che dall'attività dell'acqua. La transizione vetrosa, transizione di secondo ordine da uno stato vetroso allo stato gommoso dei materiali amorfi, è innanzitutto influenzata dall'acqua quale plasticizzante del sistema, che, quindi, insieme alla temperatura, determina lo stato fisico delle fasi di sistemi multifase quali sono gli alimenti. Il tema del ruolo dell'acqua nel decadimento della qualità degli alimenti viene presentato in questo lavoro secondo i principi della scienza dei materiali alimentari
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effects of water on the physical properties of food Полный текст
2019
Kawai, K. (Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima (Japan). Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life)
Solid food products are typically in an amorphous state, and their physical properties change dramatically at the glass to rubber transition temperature (Tsub(g)). Tsub(g) decreases with increasing water content because of water plasticizing effects. When Tsub(g) becomes lower than the ambient temperature, a glass to rubber transition occurs at the ambient temperature. The water content at Tsub(g) = 25℃ is usually described as the critical water content (w sub(c)). In this review, the effect of glass to rubber transition on the texture of cookies, the caking of mango powder and the compressibility of soup powder is explained. Tsub(g) of the food samples was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry or thermal rheological analysis. Wsub(c) was determined from the relationship between Tsub(g) and water content. Fracture properties of the cookie samples changed from brittle to ductile at Wsub(c). Caking of mango powder occurred at water contents above Wsub(c). Hardness of soup powder compressed at temperatures above Tsub(g) was much higher than when compressed at temperatures below Tsub(g).
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Functional properties of water in food | Propriétés fonctionnelles de l'eau dans les aliments
2001
Le Meste, M. ((Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, Dijon (France). Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire et Sensorielle de l'Aliment)) | Roudaut, G. | Chiotelli, E. | Sirnatos, D. | Colas, B.
L'eau intervient à de multiples niveaux dans la qualité et la stabilité des aliments. L'eau établit des interactions de différentes natures avec les ingrédients alimentaires, et c'est l'équilibre entre ces interactions et les interactions, ou liaisons, entre solutés de petite taille et/ou macromolécules qui contrôle la structure et la stabilité des ingrédients et des colloïdes alimentaires. Solvant des réactants, plastifiant du milieu de réaction et réactant, l'eau participe aux réactions se produisant pendant la transformation et la conservation des aliments. Il est bien connu que le développement des microorganismes responsables de l'altération des aliments est fonction des propriétés thermodynamiques de l'eau (activité de l'eau, pression osmotique). Les mécanismes qui contrôlent la vitesse des réactions chimiques ou de transformation physiques dans les milieux concentrés, voir solides, sont complexes et les modèles de prédiction sont rares et parfois controversés. Le concept de transition vitreuse de plus en plus utilisé en technologie des aliments est présenté succinctement dans cet article. Des exemples montrent l'intérêt de connaître le diagramme d'état de constituants alimentaires, c'est à dire l'état physique en fonction des conditions de température et d'hydratation, pour la maîtrise des opérations de transformation et de conservation des aliments
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Water-food components interactions: effects on structural and textural properties
1990
Le Meste, M. (Ecole Nationale Superieure de Biologie Appliquee a la Nutrition et a l'Alimentation, Dijon (France). Departement de Biologie Physico-Chimique) | Colas, B.
Bulk flow properties of selected food powders at different water activity levels
1996
Chang, K.S. (Chungnam National University, Taejon (Korea Republic). Department of Food Science and Technology) | Kim, D.W. (Joongkyoung Junior College, Taejon (Korea Republic). Department of Food Technology) | Kim, S.S. (Catholic University of Korea, Buchon (Korea Republic). Department of Food Science and Nutrition)
[Provisional conclusions of the work of the commission: Intermediary Humidity Food-Stuffs, at the CNERCA [National Study and Research Centre on Nutrition and Food Practical guide to methods of determining water activity, control solutions of water activity, analysis circuit on the measurement of water activity]]
1984
Multon, J.L. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France). Centre de Nantes, Laboratoire de Stockage et Conservation des Denrees Alimentaires)
Quality criteria of drinking water and hygiene of the agro-alimentary food-chain. Impact of aquatic pollutants on domestic animals and animal productions
1993
Keck, G. (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile (France). Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires, Departement des Sciences Biologiques Fondamentales et Appliquees)
Effects of food and water withdrawal and high temperature exposure on diurnal variation in blood viscosity of broiler chickens
1998
Zhou, W.T. | Fujita, M. | Yamamoto, S. (Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-0046 (Japan))